Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ maḥkamaẗ is a n.loc. coined from ↗ḥakama, vb. I, in the sense of ʻto pass judgment, judge s.th., pass a verdict\sentence, impose a penalty on s.o.’, with which the vb. is akin to ↗ḥakam ʻarbiter’, ↗ḥikmaẗ ʻwisdom’, and ↗ḥakīm ʻwise; doctor; philosopher’. – For further background, cf. the entries just mentioned as well as root entry ↗ḤKM.
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hist

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cogn

▪ ↗ḥakama.

disc

▪ See above, section CONC.
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west

–

deriv

►maḥkamaẗ al-ĭstiʔnāf and maḥkamaẗ ĭstiʔnāfiyyaẗ, n.f., court of appeal, appellate court;
►maḥkamaẗ ʔahliyyaẗ, n.f., indigenous court (Eg.; jurisdiction limited to Egyptian nationals);
►maḥkamaẗ ĭbtidāʔiyyaẗ, n.f., court of first instance;
►maḥkamaẗ ĭbtidāʔiyyaẗ kulliyaẗ, n.f., civil court with jurisdiction in cases of major importance, at the same time appellate instance of maḥākim ǧuzʔiyyaẗ (Eg.);
►maḥkamaẗ ǧuzʔiyyaẗ, n.f., 1 in Eg., lowest court of both maḥkamaẗ ʔahliyyaẗ (approx.: district courts) and of maḥkamaẗ šarʕiyyaẗ, canonical courts (with jurisdiction in marital and family matters); 2 summary court;
►maḥkamaẗ al-ǧināyāt, n.f.,criminal court;
►maḥkamaẗ al-ʔaḥwāl al-šaḫṣiyyaẗ, n.f., courts dealing with vital statistics;
►maḥkamaẗ muḫtaliṭaẗ, n.f., mixed court (with jurisdiction over residents of foreign nationality);
►maḥkamaẗ šarʕiyyaẗ, n.f., canonical court (administering justice on the basis of the Sharia), court dealing with family matters of Muslims;
►maḥkamaẗ markaziyyaẗ, n.f., county court, dealing with minor offenses, esp. misdemeanors (Eg.);
►maḥkamaẗ al-qaḍāʔ al-ʔidārī, n.f., administrative court;
►maḥkamaẗ al-naqḍ wa’l-ʔibrām, n.f., Court of Cassation, the highest court of appeal in Egypt;
►maḥkamaẗ al-tamyīz, n.f., Court of Cassation (Syr., Leb. = maḥkamaẗ al-naqḍ wa’l-ʔibrām in Eg.);
►sāḥāt al-maḥākim, n. pl., tribunals.

►^BP#2302muḥākamaẗ, n.f., 1 judicial proceeding; 2 trial, hearing (in court); 3 legal prosecution: vn. III.
►^BP#828ḥākim, I adj. 1 ruling, governing; 2 decisive; – II n. (pl. ‑ūn, ḥukkām) 3a ruler, sovereign; b governor; 4 judge: PA I. | ḥākim bi-ʔamri-h, adj., n., 1 autocratic; 2 autocrat, dictator; ḥākim ʕāmm, n., governor general; ḥākim mubārāẗ, n., umpire, referee (athlet.); ḥākim al-ṣulḥ, n. (SyrAr) justice of the peace; ḥākim al-nāḥiyaẗ, n. (Tun.), district magistrate.

See also ↗ḥakama, ↗ʔaḥkama, ↗ḥakam, ↗ḥikmaẗ, ↗ḥakamaẗ, ↗ḥakīm, ↗ḥukūmaẗ, ↗taḥakkum, and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤKM.

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