Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Any relation to ↗ḥazn ‘rough, rugged, hard ground’? Some ClassAr lexicographers explain ḥuzn ‘sadness’ as *‘roughness in the spirit, occasioned by grief’ (Lane ii 1865) – as if ‘roughness’ was the basic value…
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hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤZN-1 Ar ḥazina, Mhr ḥzūn, Jib aḥzín, Ḥrs ḥayzen, ḥezōn, Soq ḥázon, Gz ḥazana, ḥazna, ḫazana ‘être triste, être en deuil’, Te ḥazna, Tña ḥazänä, ḫazänä, Arg hazzänä, Amh azzänä, Gur azänä ‘être triste’, Har ḥuzni ‘tristesse’, ? Sab hḥzn ‘abîmer, endommager’. -2 […].
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▪ The root is prob. too sparsely attested as to allow for reconstructions of hypothetical predecessors or speculations about a primary value. Both ʻsadness, grief’ and ʻrough, difficult territory’ (↗ḥazn) could be plausible. The more “natural” development would seem to be one of metaphoral extension, from the physical hardship of a ʻrough, rugged, difficult ground’ to the mental\psychological hardship of ʻsadness, grief’. But the latter is much more widespread and found in modSAr as well as EthSem, while ʻrough, difficult ground’ is not attested anywhere else but in Ar.
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deriv

►ḥazana, u, vb. I, to make sad, sadden, grieve (s.o.): tr.
►ḥazzana, vb. II, and ʔaḥzana, vb. IV, to make sad, sadden, grieve (s.o.): D- and *Š-stem, respectively, both caus.

► ^BP#821ḥuzn, pl. ʔaḥzān, n., sadness, grief, sorrow, affliction.
►ḥazin, adj., sad, mournful, grieved.
► ^BP#1766ḥazīn, pl. ḥuzanāʔᵘ, ḥizān, ḥazānà, adj., 1 sad; 2 mourning (for a deceased person); 3 sorrowing, mournful, grieved: FaʕīL formation, *ʻfull of sadness, grief, sorrow’. | al-ǧumʕaẗ al‑~, Good Friday (Chr.).
►ḥaznānᵘ, adj., 1 very sad, very grieved, worried; 2 in mourning: ints. formation in ‑ān.
►ḥazāyinī, var. ḥazāʔinī, adj. (coll.), 1 sad, mournful, melancholic; 2 mourning (in compounds), mortuary, funereal: nisba formation, from a hypothetical *ḥazīnaẗ ʻsad case, grievous thing’ | qumāš ~, n., cloth for mourning garments.
►taḥazzun, n., 1 sadness; 2 behavior of a mourner: vn. V.
►maḥzūn, adj., grieved, grief-stricken, pained, sad, saddened: PP I.
►muḥzin, adj., 1a grievous, saddening; b sad; c melancholic; d tragic; 2 muḥzināt, nonhum.pl., grievous things: PA IV. | qiṣṣaẗ tamṯīliyyaẗ muḥzinaẗ and riwāyaẗ muḥzinaẗ, n.f., tragedy (theat.).

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥazn and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤZN.

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