Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1a to be present (at), be in the presence (of s.o.); b to attend (s.th.); c to be present (in s.o.’s mind), be readily recalled (s.o.); d to take part, participate (maǧlisan in a meeting); 2a to come, get (ʔilà or to s.o., to a place), arrive (ʔilà or at a place); b to visit (a place), attend (a public event), go (to a performance, etc.); c to appear (ʔamāma before a judge, etc., ʔilà in, at), show up (ʔilà in, at); d to betake o.s., go (min… ʔilà from… to); – 3 (ḥaḍāraẗ) to be settled, sedentary (in a civilized region, as opposed to nomadic existence) – WehrCowan1976.

conc

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤḌR-1 rightly observes that in the group of Ar, SAr, and modSAr lexical items that seem to be cognate, the values of [v1] ‘presence’ and [v3] ‘sedentariness’ obviously are related. ([v2] signifies s.th. in-between: the process leading, like settling down, to a being present.) In the light of the Sem evidence, it is hard to decide which is the primary value. DRS suggests to compare ↗√ḤṢR and ↗√ḤẒR, without however elaborating on the exact nature of such a conceivable relation. Orel&Stolbova1994 #1214 take such a connection for granted and juxtapose Ar ḥaḍar, interpreted as ʻ[enclosed, fenced?] area’, and Sem items meaning ‘enclosure, yard, camp’ (Akk ḫaṣāru, Phn ḥṣr, Hbr ḥāṣer, Syr ḥəṣārā, SAr ḥṣwr, Gz ḥaṣur), positing protSem *ḥaṣ́ar‑ ‘fence, enclosure’ (< AfrAs *ḥać̣ar‑ ‘id.’). Though phonologically slightly problematic (unexpected /ṣ/ in Syr and Gz), this assumption seems quite plausible from a semantic perspective. Thus, if ḤḌR should indeed be seen together with ḤṢR and ḤẒR, one could think of a development like *‘fence, enclosure > to settle in a fenced\enclosed place\area > to become sedentary > to be present’ (and from the latter also the many derivatives signifying ‘readiness’ and ‘quickness’ in Ar, see DERIV). The hypothesis may be supported by inner-Ar evidence, where ↗ḥaḍīraẗ signifies ‘a small group of 6 to 12 people’ (ClassAr: ‘collective body of a people’, i.e., a *‘gathering’ rather than a *‘presence’) and the obsol. ^†ḥaḍīr(aẗ) ‘thick purulent matter in a wound; afterbirth’, unless completely different origin, can best be explained as a *‘coming together, gathering, confluence, agglomeration’, similar to the *‘settling in an enclosure’ assumed as the basic meaning of ḤḌR.
▪ Neither ‘collective body of a people’ nor ‘thick purulent matter in a wound; afterbirth’ nor ‘swiftness’ are mentioned in DRS among the most basic values of ḤḌR. In contrast, DRS lists the values #ḤḌR-2 ‘pubis’ (^†ḥaḍr) and #ḤḌR-3 ‘anse de vase’ (^†ḥāḍiraẗ), which we were unable to identify elsewhere.
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hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤḌR-1 Ar ḥaḍara ‘être présent, prêt; assister à’, ḥaḍar, ḥāḍiraẗ ‘présence, demeure fixe (par opp. au nomadisme)’, Qat tḥḍr ‘être présent (dans un lieu)’, Jib ḥɔ́źɔ́r, Mhr ḥəźáwr ‘être présent; persuader’, Ḥrs ḥəźáwr ‘migrer du désert vers la ville en été; être présent’. – Sab ḥḍr ‘célébrer une fête (pour une divinité), accomplir un pélerinage; offrir’. -2 Ar ḥaḍr ‘pubis’. -3 ḥāḍiraẗ ‘anse de vase’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 #1214: Akk ḫaṣāru ‘enclosure’, Phn ḥṣr ‘yard’, Hbr ḥāṣer ‘camp; yard’, Syr ḥəṣārā ‘yard’, Ar ḥaḍar, SAr ḥṣwr ‘area’, Gz ḥaṣur ‘enclosure’. – For extra-Sem cognates cf. below, section DISC.
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disc

▪ Orel&Stolbova’s (1994 #1214) reconstruction of the AfrAs dimension (see above, section CONC) is based, in addition to their assumption of a Sem *ḥaṣ́ar‑ ‘fence, enclosure’ on the reconstruction of extra-Sem proto-forms, stipulated from sparse evidence in a few, mainly WCh and CCh langs. The authors posit protWCh *ć̣˅r‑ (from 1 siri ‘fence’), protCCh *ḥaźar‑ (based on actual forms like źaźar, gəźar) ‘fence’, Bed eseer ‘enclosure’. Any connection with LEC *ʔaraʒ‑ (Or areddaa ‘dwelling’)?
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deriv

►ḥaḍḍara, vb. II, 1 to ready, make ready, prepare (s.th., also, e.g., a medicine = to compound), make, produce, manufacture (s.th.); 2 to study, prepare (a lesson); 3 to fetch, get, bring (s.o., s.th.), procure, supply (s.th.); 4 to settle (s.o.), make s.o. sedentary; 5 to civilize (s.o., s.th.): D-stem, caus.
►ḥāḍara, vb. III, 1 to give a lecture, present s.th. in a lecture (to s.o.); 2 to lecture, give a course of lectures: L-stem, assoc., based on *‘present > ready (to answer an interlocutor’s question, etc.) > quick (in replying, reacting to a question etc.)’
►^BP#4950ʔaḥḍara, vb. IV, 1 to fetch, get, bring (s.o., s.th.), procure, supply (s.th.); 2 to take (s.o., a s.th., ʔilà to a place): *Š-stem, caus. | ~ maʕa-hū, vb., to have s.th. with one, bring s.th. along
►taḥaḍḍara, vb. V, 1a to prepare o.s., ready o.s., get ready (li‑ for); b to be ready, prepared; 2a to become settled, be sedentary in a civilized region; b to be civilized, be in a state of civilization; c to become urbanized, become a town dweller: Dt-stem, [v1] refl./self-ref., [v2] based on ↗ḥaḍar and/or ↗ḥaḍāraẗ.
►ĭḥtaḍara, vb. VIII, 1 to come (to s.o.), be in the presence (of s.o.); 2 to live in a civilized region: Gt-stem, self-ref.; – 3 pass. ŭḥtuḍira, to die: Gt-stem, self-ref., [v1] based on *‘presence’, [v2] based on *‘cultivation of land, civilisation’ (↗ḥaḍar), [v3] is related to ^2bḥaḍara ‘to come to, visit’, lit. meaning * ‘to be visited (sc. by the angels of God)’.
►ĭstaḥḍara, vb. X, 1a to have s.th. brought, to call, send (for s.o., for s.th.), have s.o. come; b to summon (s.o.); c to fetch, procure, supply, get, bring (s.th.); d to conjure, call up, evoke (a spirit); e to visualize, envision, call to mind (s.th.); f to carry with o.s., bring along (s.th.); 2 to prepare (e.g., a medicinal preparation): *Št-stem, desid.

►ḥaḍar, n., 1 a civilized region with towns and villages and a settled population (as opposed to desert, steppe); 2 settled population, town dwellers (as opposed to nomads): perh. the etymon proper.
►ḥaḍarī, adj., 1a settled, sedentary, resident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like urbanites; b civilized; c urban; d town dweller: nisba formation from ḥaḍar.
►^BP#1091ḥaḍraẗ, n.f., presence: for more details see s.v. | fī ~, expr., in the presence of …; al‑~ al-ʕaliyyaẗ, n., His Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of Tunis); ḥaḍratu-kum, n., a respectful form of address, esp. in letters; ~ al-duktūr, cf. Fr. Monsieur le docteur.
►^BP#700ḥuḍūr, n., 1 presence; 2 visit, participation, attendance: vn. I; for more details see s.v.; – 3 n.pl., those present: pl. of ↗ḥāḍir. | bi-ḥuḍūr-hī, expr., in his presence; ~ al-ḥaflaẗ, n., attendance of the celebration; ~ al-ḏihn, n., presence of mind; waraqaẗ ~, n., Summons (jur.).
►ḥuḍūrī: ʔaḥkām ḥuḍūriyyaẗ, n.pl., judgments delivered in the presence of the litigant parties after oral proceedings (jur.): nisba formation from ¹ḥuḍūr | ḥuḍūriyyan, contradictorily (jur.)
►^BP#1412ḥaḍāraẗ, n.f., 1 civilization; 2 culture; – 3 settledness, sedentariness.
►^BP#1969ḥaḍārī, adj., 1 civilizational; 2 cultural: nisba formation, from ḥaḍāraẗ.
►ḥaḍīraẗ, pl. ḥaḍāʔirᵘ, n.f., 1 a small group of 6 to 12 people (specif., the smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol); 2 section, squad (mil.; Syr.): related to ḥaḍara? See entry ↗ḥaḍīraẗ proper.
►^BP#4872maḥḍar, n., 1 presence; 2 attendance, coming, appearance (of s.o.); 3 assembly, meeting, gathering, convention; 4 (pl. maḥāḍirᵘ) minutes, official report, procès-verbal, record of the factual findings | bi-maḥḍarin min-hu, expr. in s.o.’s presence: formally a n.loc., *‘place where people come together, are present’ (i.e., [v3]), hence also ‘presence; attendance’ ([v1], [v2]), and so also *‘report written in the presence of…’ ([v4]).
►^BP#2797taḥḍīr, n., 1 preparing, readying, making ready; 2 (pi. ‑āt) preparation (li‑ for; also e.g., for an examination); 3 making, preparation, cooking (of food, etc.), production, manufacture: vn. II
►taḥḍīrī, adj., preparatory, preparative: nisba formation, from taḥḍīr | al-madāris al-taḥḍīriyyaẗ lil-muʕallimīn, n.pl., preparatory institutes for teachers, teachers’ colleges (Eg.)
►^BP#1961muḥāḍaraẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., lecture: vn. III.
►ʔiḥḍār, n., procurement, supply, fetching, bringing: vn. IV.
►taḥaḍḍur, n., civilized way of life: vn. V.
►ĭḥtiḍār, n., demise, death: vn. VIII.
►ĭstiḥḍār, n., 1 making, production, manufacture; 2 preparation; 3 summoning: vn. X. | ~ al-ʔarwāḥ, n., evocation of spirits, Spiritism
►^BP#1094ḥāḍir, pl. ḥuḍḍar, ḥuḍūr, adj., 1 present; 2 attending; 3a prepared (li‑for); b ready; 4 (pl. ḥuḍḍār, ḥaḍaraẗ) settled, sedentary, resident, village or town dweller, not nomadic; 5 n., al-ḥāḍir, the present (time): values [v1]–[v3] and [v5] based on *‘presence’, [v4] on *‘sedentariness’ (↗ḥaḍar). | fī ’l-waqt al‑~ or fī ’l‑~, adv., at present, now; ~ al-fikr, adj., quick-witted, quick at repartee; naqd ~, n., cash, ready money
►ḥāḍiraẗ, pl. ḥawāḍirᵘ, n.f., 1 capital city, metropolis; 2 city (as a center of civilization): PA I f., based on ḥaḍara ‘to be settled, sedentary’.
►maḥḍūr, adj., 1a possessed, haunted or inhabited by a jinni; b demoniac: PP I.
►muḥaḍḍir, n., 1 maker, producer, manufacturer; 2 dissector (med.): PA II.
►muḥāḍir, n., lecturer, speaker: PA III.
►muḥḍir, n., court usher: PA IV.
►mutaḥaḍḍir, adj., civilized: PA V.
►muḥtaḍar, adj., n., 1a dying, in the throes of death, on the brink of death; b a dying person; 2a haunted or inhabited by a jinni; b demoniac: PP VIII.
►mustaḥḍar, pl. ‑āt, n., preparation (chem., pharm.): PP X. | ~ dawāʔi, n., medicinal preparation.

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