Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1 to appear, come in sight, rise (star), begin, commence, set in; 2 to result, follow, ensue, arise, proceed, derive, originate, spring (min or ʕan from) – WehrCowan1979.

conc

▪ The item belongs to a root that seems to be an exclusively Ar root without immediate cognates in Sem or outside. However, the root may be a specification in ‑M from a bi-consonantal root nucleus *NǦ‑ ‘breaking through [and welling\pouring out, i.e., eruption] of s.th. thick, but not hard\solid\strong, from within s.th.’ (Gabal2012).
▪ At first sight, one may assume dependence of the vb. naǧama on ↗naǧm ‘star’, but given the fact that the latter has no cognates in Sem (where ‘star’ is expressed by words akin to Ar ↗kawkab) it is more likely that naǧama ‘to appear, come in sight’ is the primary value, while naǧm an idiosyncratic secondary formation.
▪ [v2] dependent on [v1].

hist

▪ [v1] first attestation <588 CE in a verse by ʕAdiyy b. Zayd al-ʕIbādī – HDAL_200620.
▪ [v2] most frequent in MSA in the PA nāǧim ‘originating, resulting (min, ʕan from)’.
▪ From naǧama ‘to appear, come in sight’ are also further meanings, now obsolete but attested in ClassAr, such as ^†‘to break forth, grow (teeth, horns, plants)’, ^†‘to come forward, come out | surgir (a heretic, an innovator)’, ^†‘to ooze (water)’.

cogn

▪ Nişanyan (s.v. nücum) lists Aram nagəm ‘to appear’ as a parallel, but as already PayneSmith1901 (s.v. Syr NGM) knew, this is an Arabism.

disc

▪ BadawiHinds1986 identify (for EgAr) two NGM roots, marked »¹NGM« (comprising EgAr nagam, nagmaẗ, nigmaẗ) and »²NGM« (mangam only). But as the discussion of [v1g] in root entry ↗√NǦM shows, there is no reason to think that ¹manǧam ~ EgAr mangam should be from another root than the other items.
▪ Gabal2012: According to the author, Ar √NǦM is composed of the bi-cons. root nucleus *NǦ‑ ‘breaking through [and welling\pouring out, i.e., eruption] of s.th. thick, but not hard\solid\strong, from within s.th.’ (nafāḏ kaṯīf ġayr šadīd min bāṭin al-šayʔ) (see ↗*NǦ‑_2) and a modifying R₃ *‑M, adding the notion of *‘closing\rewelding a gaping opening over what is inside’ (ĭltiʔām ẓāhir al-ǧurm ʕalà mā fī ǧawfih), together producing the basic meaning of *‘partial breaking through of s.th. soft\fine through a closed\covered\rewelded surface’ (nafāḏ ǧuzʔī ʔay daqīq min saṭḥ multaʔim). Other roots/items containing the same nucleus (Qur’anic only) are: ^†naǧǧa ‘to seep, ooze’, ↗naǧā (naǧw) ‘to save o.s., be rescued, escape’, ↗naǧd ‘highland, upland, tableland, plateau; the Nejd’, and ↗naǧas ‘impurity, dirt, filth, defilement’. – Cf. also Ehret’s (1995) assumption of a pre-protSem *NG ‘to seep, ooze’.
▪ Most values in the root √NǦM seem to be dependent on either naǧama ‘to appear, come in sight’ or ‘star’ (i.e., values [v1a] and [v1c] in root entry ↗√NǦM, respectively). It is hard to decide whether ‘to appear, come in sight’ is the primary meaning of the root (so that ‘star’ would be deverbal, as *‘the appearing one, the thing that comes in sight in the sky at night’), or whether it is denominal from ‘star’ (so that ‘to appear’ would be, originally, *‘to do the same as a star, namely, to rise, appear, come in sight’). BAH2008, by letting ‘star’ feature first in their list of the values attached to √NǦM in ClassAr, seem to favour the idea that the vb. is denominal. The fact, however, that all other Sem languages use other words for ‘star’ (all akin to Ar ↗kawkab) rather points to a secondary nature of naǧm.
▪ [v2] depends on [v1], focusing on the place where s.th. appears, i.e., its ‘origin, source’ (value attested for the vn. naǧm in ClassAr; cf. also ^†naǧm ‘certain\true origin | origine certaine et authentique, non contestée’ and the idiomatic phrase ^†laysa li-hāḏā ’l-ḥadīṯ naǧm ‘this information is groundless, i.e., il n’y a rien de vrai, de sérieux dans ceci’.

west

–

deriv

▪ Most of the items listed here are rather from the n. ↗¹naǧm (or its f. form, ↗naǧmaẗ) than from the vb. naǧama. However, given that we cannot be absolutely sure whether naǧama is dependent on naǧm or vice versa, the whole spectrum is listed here nevertheless.
▪ Values that are not listed in WehrCowan1979 but found in al-Mawrid (Baalbakki1995), are marked “(M)”.

► naǧama qarnuh, expr., to begin to show: metaphorical use; lit., *his horn appeared.

► naǧǧama, vb. II, 1 to observe the stars; to predict the future from the stars, practice astrology: (D-stem, denom. from ¹naǧm, see ↗¹naǧǧama; 2 to pay in instalments: D-stem, denom. from ²naǧm, see ↗²naǧǧama.
► tanaǧǧama, vb. V, to observe the stars, predict the future from the stars: Dt-stem, denom. from ¹naǧm, intr. of ↗¹naǧǧama.

► ^BP#1019naǧm, n., 1 (pl. nuǧūm, ʔanǧum) celestial body; star; lucky star; constellation, asterism: ↗¹naǧm; 2 (pl. nuǧūm) instalment, partial payment: ↗²naǧm; 3 (coll.) herbs, herbage, grass; (M) quack grass, couch grass, quitch: ↗³naǧm (? = ↗naǧīl).
► ^BP#3363naǧmaẗ, pl. naǧamāt, n.f., star; asterisk (typ.): (singulative?) f. of ↗¹naǧm.
► naǧmī, adj., 1 star-shaped, stelliform, starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar, astral; 2 in instalments, instalment‑ (in compounds): nisba formation from ↗¹naǧm (and/or ↗naǧmaẗ) and ²naǧm, respectively.
► (M) naǧmiyyaẗ, n.f., aster (bot.): abstr. formation in f. nisba ‑iyyaẗ for scientific classification, from ↗¹naǧm; a neol.?
► (M) naǧmiyyāt, n.f.pl., asteroidea (zool.): abstr. formation in f.pl. nisba ‑iyyāt for scientific grouping, from ↗¹naǧm; a neol.?.
► nuǧaymaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., small star, starlet: dimin. of ↗naǧmaẗ.
► naǧām, n., (AlgAr) resources: see ↗s.v.
► naǧǧām, munaǧǧim, ^†mutanaǧǧim, pl. ‑ūn, n., astrologer: n.prof. (I) and PA II, ^†PA V, respectively, from ↗¹naǧm.
► ¹manǧam, pl. manāǧimᵘ, n., 1 source, origin; 2 mine; pit: n.loc., lit., *‘place where s.th. appears, comes in sight’, cf. ↗¹manǧam.
► ^†²manǧam, n., well traced road; way out | chemin bien tracé et large: same morphology as ↗¹manǧam, but semantic relation to √NǦM unclear.
► manǧamī, adj., mining (in compounds): nisba formation from ↗¹manǧam.
► manǧim, n., ankle-bone: maFʕiL formation from naǧama, signifying the bone that protrudes (*‘appears, shows’) on the sides of a foot.
► ^†minǧam, n., 1 = manǧim; 2 iron-beam of a balance | cette partie de la balance sur laquelle se trouve l’indicateur des poids’: relation to other NǦM values not clear; the word is a n.instr., coined along the familiar miC₁C₂aC₃ pattern, and should therefore signify a tool serving to carry out an action designated by the vb. naǧama.
► tanǧīm, n., astrology: vn. II, ↗¹naǧm, ↗¹naǧǧama.
► ^BP#4120nāǧim, adj. originating, resulting (ʕan, min from): PA I [v2].
► manǧūm, adj., starred; marked with a star or asterisk: neol., PP I from a hypothetical *naǧama ‘to mark with a star or asterisk’, denominal from ↗naǧmaẗ.

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