Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Jeffery1938: »Three forms occur in the Qurʔān: (1) fāliq ‘he who causes to break forth’, vi, 95, 96; (2) ĭnfalaqa ‘to be split open’ xxvi, 63; (3) falaq ‘the dawn’, cxiii, 1. / Zimmern, Akkad. Fremdw, 12, notes that the Ar verb is denominative and would derive it from an Aram source. The Akk palāqu ‘to slay, kill’ is a denominative from pilaqqu ‘hatchet’, which itself may be derived from the Sum balag. From this Akk pilaqqu were derived on the one hand the Syr pelqā and Mand pylqʔ, both meaning ‘hatchet’, and on the other hand the Skr parjʰu ‘hatchet’,¹ , Grk pélekus ‘axe’.² / Syr pelqā is used to translate the Hbr paššîl in Ps. lxxiv, 6, and would probably have been the origin of the form that was first borrowed and from which all the others have been developed.³ «

1. For parjʰu see Delitzsch, Prolegomena, 147, and Ipsen in Indog. Forschungen, xli, 177 (Alt-Sumerisch-akkadische Lehnwörter im Indogermanischen). 2. For pélekus see ZDMG, ix, 874; Kretschmer, Einleitung, 105 ff.; Levy, Fremdwörter, 178. 3. In SAr, however, we find flq (Rossini, Glossarium, 218), though this may have come from the Aram.

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