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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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¹ġall‑ / ġalal‑ غَلَّ/غَلَلْــــ , u (ġall )
meta
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 11Mar2023, last updated 17Mar2023
√ĠLː (ĠLL)
gram
vb., I
engl
1a to insert, put, stick, enter (s.th. fī in, into, between); b to penetrate, enter (s.th., into s.th.); 2 ↗²ġull ; 3 ↗ġallaẗ – WehrCowan1976
conc
▪ Attested in Ug, Hbr, several varieties of Aram, and Ar; from protWSem *ġll ‘to insert; to immerse’ – Kogan2015: 381 #51
▪ See also below, section DISC.
▪ …
1. That *ġ is behind ʕ in the Aram forms (see below, section COGN) is confirmed by numerous Demotic spellings with ḫ.
hist
▪ †ġalla ‘cohabiter (avec une femme)’, †ʔaġalla ‘to make a raid’
▪ ...
cogn
▪ Ug ġll ‘to enter’, Hbr ʕālal ‘to insert, thrust in; to ascend, land, enter’, oAram ʕll (so also continued in later Aram varieties, such as JPA, Syr, etc.; Aram ʕᵃlal ‘to enter a town, a house, come in’, Syr ʕal ‘to enter; to come in to a woman; to attack, invade’), Ar ġalla ‘to enter’ – Zammit2002, Kogan2015: 381 #5.
▪ For the possibly related ↗²ġull ‘yoke, collar’, Zammit2002 juxtaposes Akk ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’, Ar ²ġull ‘yoke, collar’, ġalla ‘to bind’.
▪ ...
disc
▪ The value *‘to insert, enter’ is possibly at the origin of several others. Thus, Ar ↗²ġull ‘manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’ may be a *‘device into which hands, feet, etc. are inserted’; ↗ġallaẗ ‘produce, harvest; corn’ is originally *‘what is brought in, harvested’; ↗ġilālaẗ goes back to a ‘garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, and likewise beneath the coat of mail’, thus prob. *‘what is inserted\worn betw. outer garment and inner layers, or the skin’; ClassAr dictionaries often analyze the vb. I ġalla in the sense of ‘to perfume o.s.’ as cognate of ‘to insert’ (as suggested, e.g., by explanations of †ġalla as ‘huiler, pommader abondamment les cheveux, de manière que l’huile pénètre jusqu’à la racine des cheveux’);1 †ġalal ‘water flowing amid trees’[↗†ĠLː (ĠLL)_8]2 could be *‘water “entering”\squeezing itself through the trees\bushes’;3 ; †ġalal can also mean ‘filter, strainer’ [↗†ĠLː (ĠLL)_9], conveying an idea (*‘water running through between...’) that is very similar to the preceding, so that the ‘filter, strainer’ may be a *‘device through which water is running’; in ClassAr, the vb. †ġalla is also attested with the value ‘mêler, mélanger l’un avec l’autre’ [↗†ĠLː (ĠLL)_10], which can be seen as a mutual *‘entering, penetration’, too.
▪ If, as suggested above, values like *‘garment worn between...’, *‘water running between/beneath/through...’, *‘mutual penetration’, etc., belong to ġalla ‘to insert, enter (s.th. in, into, between), penetrate’, this would underline the aspect of *‘passing through/between/beneath s.th.’ coming in addition to the simple directionality of *‘entering, penetration’. It seems that this aspect is mainly expressed by the final *‑Lː/‑LL, cf., for instance, ↗ḫalla (u, ḫall ) ‘to pierce, transfix’, ḫalal ‘gap, interval, interstice; cleft, crack, rupture, fissure’, ḫilālᵃ ‘during; through, via’, ↗zalla (zalal-, i, zall ; zalil-, a, zalal ) ‘to slip’, ↗tasallala ‘to slip, slink, sneak (into); to invade, infiltrate, enter, penetrate’, ↗šallāl ‘cataract, waterfall’, ↗ʕalla (i, ʕillaẗ ) *‘to befall, afflict (s.o., a disease, etc.)’, perh. also ↗ḥalla (i,u, ḥulūl ) ‘to descend, come down, befall; to set in, arrive, begin (time, season)’ and ↗halla (i, hall ) ‘to appear, come up, show (new moon); to begin, set in (month)’.
▪ ...
1. Another interpretation is that it is denominative from †ġāliyaẗ ‘Galia : parfum de couleur noire composé de musc, d’ambre et autres aromates, et employé comme cosmétique pour les cheveux’, itself of unknown etymology. The discussion is reproduced in Lane vi 1877. 2. More specifically, ‘water having no current, only appearing a little upon the surface of the earth, disappearing at one time and appearing at another’ – Lane vi 1877. 3. Kogan2015: 555 #35 thinks the item might be akin to prot-modSAr *ġill-at ‘mist’.
west
–
deriv
►taġallala, vb. V, to enter, penetrate (fī s.th., into s.th.): tD-stem, self-ref.
►ĭnġalla, vb. VII, = V: N-stem

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ġallaẗ (with ↗ĭstaġalla), ↗ġill, ↗¹ġull, ↗²ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).
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