Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1 to speak, say, tell (s.th., li- to s.o.; s.th. ʕan, fī about or of), utter, voice (s.th.); 2 to speak of, deal with, treat of (ʕan); 3 to state, maintain, assert, propound, teach, profess, advocate, defend (bi‑ s.th.); 4 to support, hold (bi‑ a view), stand up (bi‑ for), be the proponent (bi‑ of a doctrine or dogma); 5 to allege (bi‑ s.th.); 6 with ʕalà : to speak against s.o., speak ill of s.o., tell lies about s.o. – WehrCowan1979.

conc

▪ From Sem *ḳawl- /*ḳāl- ‘voice’, *ḳwl ‘to say’ (Kogan2015), from AfrAs *ḳa(wa)l- ‘to speak’ (Militarev2006).

hist

▪ eC7 qāla 1 (to speak, say) Q 5:12 wa-qāla ’llāhu ʔinnī maʕa-kum ‘and God said, “I am with you”’; 2 (to testify, voice and opinion) Q 6:152 wa-ʔiḏā qultum fa-’ʕdilū wa-law kāna ḏā qurbà ‘and if you speak/testify, be just, even if he [the person you testify against/for] is kin’; 3 (to instruct, command) Q 24:30 qul lil-muʔminīna yaġuḍḍū min ʔabṣāri-him ‘[Prophet] command believing men to lower their gaze’; 4 (to inspire) Q 18:86 qulnā yā-ḏā ’l-qarnayni ʔimmā ʔan tuʕaḏḏiba wa-ʔimmā ʔan tattaḫiḏa fī-him ḥusnan ‘We inspired/said, “Dhū’l-Qarnayn, you may either punish or adopt [a policy of] good treatment with them”’; 5 (to submit, fall into a system) Q 41:11 ṯumma ’stawā ʔilà ’l-samāʔi wa-hiya duḫānun fa-qāla la-hā wa-lil-ʔarḍi ’tī-nā ṭawʕan ʔaw karhan qālatā ʔataynā ṭāʔiʕīna ‘then He turned to the sky, while it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth, “Come, willingly or unwillingly!” They submitted, “We come, obedient”’; 6 (to confess a belief in) Q 22:40 allaḏīna ʔuḫriǧū min diyāri-him bi-ġayri ḥaqqin ʔillā ʔan yaqūlū rabbu-nā ’llāhu ‘those who have been driven unjustly from their homes only for believing [declaring], “Our Lord is God”’; 7 (with li- : to describe, call or label as) Q 2:154 wa-lā taqūlū li-man yuqtalu fī sabīli ’llāhi ʔamwātun bal ʔaḥyāʔun wa-lākin lā tašʕurūna ‘and do not call those who are killed in the way of God “dead”; indeed, they are alive, only you do not perceive [it]’; 8 (with ʕalà : to attribute falsely, say something false against) Q 2:80 ʔam taqūlūna ʕalà ’llāhi mā lā taʕlamūna ‘or are you attributing to God things of which you have no knowledge?’. — taqawwala (to falsely attribute a statement to s.o., fabricate) Q 69:44 wa-law taqawwala ʕalay-nā baʕḍa ’l-ʔaqāwīli ‘if he [the Prophet] had attributed some fabrications to Us’. — qawl: ↗s.v.. — qīl (saying, speaking) Q 56:26 ʔillā qīlan salāman salāman ‘only agreeable speech [will they hear there] [lit., but saying “Peace, peace”]’. — qāʔil 1 (one who speaks) Q 33:18 qad yaʕlamu ’llāhu ’l-muʕawwaqīna min-kum wa’l-qāʔilīna li-ʔiḫwāni-him halummā ʔilay-nā wa-lā yaʔtūna ’l-baʔsa ʔillā qalīlan ‘God may know [take to task] the hinderers among you, those who say to their brothers, “Come join us,” and they come to battle but little’; 2 (speaker) Q 37:51 qāla qāʔilun min-hum ʔinnī kāna lī qarīnun ‘a speaker of them said, “I had a close companion [on earth]”’.
▪ Hava1899 still has some forms that seem to have come out of use during C20: ^†qawwala, vb. II, ‘to attribute false reports to s.o., forge out false reports (ʕalà on)’; ^†taqāwala, vb. VI, ‘to confer together (fī upon)’; ^†qawālaẗ, ^†qawūl, ^†qawwūl, ^†tiqwalaẗ, ^†tiqwālaẗ, ^†miqwal, ^†miqwāl (pl. maqāwīlᵘ) ‘loquacious, eloquent’; ^†miqwal (pl. maqāwilᵘ) ‘tongue’.

cogn

▪ Zammit2002: Ug Phoen ql ‘voice’, Hbr qōl ‘sound, voice’, BiblAram qāl ‘voice’, Syr qālā ‘voice, sound, noise, clamour’, SAr qwl ‘to be qayl over’,¹ qwl, qyl ‘member of the leading clan in a šʕb ’,² Gz qāl ‘vox, sonus’, Ar qāla ‘to say, speak’.
▪ Militarev2006#594 (in StarLing): Ug Phoen ḳl, Hbr ḳōl, Syr ḳāl-, Mand ḳala ‘voice’, Ar ḳwl [-u- ] ‘to speak’, SAr ḳwl ‘speaker’, Gz ḳāl ‘voice; saying, speech; word’, Te Tña Amh ḳal ‘word’, Gur ḳal ‘voice’. – Outside Sem: [2 WCh langs:] qwal ‘to say’, kwalala ‘war-cry’; [CCh] Buduma=Yedina ke-lakō ‘words, speech’, [ECh: forms like] ya-kóló ‘to cry’, ye-kuwǝlǝ ‘to speak’ [?], kwal, kel ‘words, speech’, kol, kol-, kòlè, kòlí ‘to call’, [SaAf] Af (Danakil) -ḳal- ‘to think, say’, [LEC] Or qaalii ‘word’.
▪ Kogan2015: Ug ḳl [Tropper2008: /qâlu/? < *qawalu, or /qôlu/ < *qawlu ] ‘voice, shout, cry’, Hbr ḳōl ‘voice’, Syr ḳālā ‘vox’, Ar qwl ‘to say’, qawl ‘the thing said’, Gz ḳāl ‘voice, word’.

1. Ar ↗qayl is treated s.r. QYL, not QWL, in WehrCowan1979. 2. dto.

disc

▪ Militarev&Stolbova1994#1541: from Sem *ḳūl- ‘to speak’ (related to Sem *ḳāl- ‘voice’). Together with reconstructed ECh *kawal- ‘to cry, shout; to speak, call’ and SaAf *ḳal-, the Sem word goes back to AfrAs *ḳal- /*ḳawal- ‘to speak’.
▪ Militarev2006#594 (in StarLing): Sem *ḳ˅w˅l- ‘voice; to say, speak; saying, speech; word’; WCh *ḳwal- ‘to say; war-cry’, CCh *kilakw- ‘words, speech’, ECh *ḳ˅wal- ‘to speak; to call; to cry; words, speech’, SaAf *ḳal- ‘to think, say’, LEC *ḳa[w]al- ‘word’, all from AfrAs *ḳa(wa)l- ‘to speak’.
▪ Kogan2015: from Sem *ḳawl- / *ḳāl- ‘voice,’ *ḳwl ‘to say.’

west

▪ Tu kalûbelâ ‘creation of the world, past eternity’: 1437 ʕÖmer b. Mezîd, Mecmūʕatü'n-neẓāyir. The expression is taken from Q 40:50 qālū ʔa-wa-lam taku taʔtī-kum rusulu-kum bi-’l-bayyināti qālū balà qālū fa-’dʕū wa-mā duʕāʔu ’l-kāfirīna ʔillā fī ḍalālin ‘They say: Came not your messengers unto you with clear proofs? They say: Yea, verily. They say: Then do ye pray, although the prayer of disbelievers is in vain’ – Nişanyan05Aug2015.
▪ Tu kilükal (OttTu also ḳıylükal) ‘gossip’: 1330 ʕĀşıḳ Paşa, Ġarīb-nāme : ne gerekdür mācerā vü ḳāl u ḳīl – Nişanyan27Apr2015.

deriv

► qāla bi-raʔsi-hī, vb. I, to motion with the head, signal, beckon
► qīla fī ’l-maṯal, expr., the proverb says
► wa-lā yuqālu ʔinna…, expr., one cannot say that…, let no one say that…
► ʔaw qul, expr., or, or rather, or say even…
► wa-qul miṯla hāḏihī fī…, or wa-qul miṯla-hū fī…, or wa-ka-ḏālika qul fī…, expr., the same must be said about…, the same can be said of…, the same applies to…

► qāwala, vb. III, 1 to confer, parley, treat, negotiate (DO with s.o.); 2 to dispute, wrangle, argue; 3 to haggle, bargain (DO with s.o., about the price); 4 to make a contract; 5 to conclude a bargain, make a deal (DO with s.o.): L-stem, associative.
► taqawwala, vb. V, 1 to fabricate lies, spread rumors (ʕalà about s.o.); 2 to pretend, allege, purport: tD-stem, cf. ↗s.v.. | ~ al-ʔaqāwīl, vb. V, to talk foolishly.
► ĭstaqāla, vb. X, 1 to render (voice by radio): Št-stem, request./autoben.-caus. – 2 ↗ʔaqāla.
► qāl wa-qīl and qīl wa-qāl, expr., 1 long palaver; 2 idle talk, prattle, gossip: nominalized verbal expr., lit. *‘he/it said and was said’
► qālaẗ, n.f., speech, talk: resultative | sūʔ al-~, n., malicious gossip, backbiting, defamation.
► ^BP#320qawl, pl. ʔaqwāl, ʔaqāwīlᵘ, n., 1 word, speech, saying, utterance, remark; 2 statement, declaration; 3 report, account; 4 doctrine, teaching; 5 pl. ʔaqwāl also: testimony (in court); ʔaqāwīlᵘ : 6 sayings, locutions; 7 proverbs: vn. I, lexicalized in resultative, quasi-PP meaning (*‘what is said, uttered, stated’) | ~an wa-ʕamalan or bi’l-~ wa’l-fiʕl, expr., by word and deed; ʔaqwāl al-šuhūd, n.pl., testimonies, depositions, evidence; ʔaʕṭà ~a-hū, vb. I, to make one’s bid (at an auction); ~ maʔṯūr, n., proverb; al-~ bi’l-ʔiʕǧāz, n., doctrine of the inimitability of the Koran.
► qawlaẗ, n.f., 1 utterance, remark, word; 2 pronouncement, dictum: n.vic.
► quwalaẗ, n.f., garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative, communicative: quasi-ints., n.f. used as adj.
► qawwāl, adj., 1 garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative, communicative: ints.; 2 n., itinerant singer and musician: n.prof.
► miqwal, pl. maqāwilᵘ, n., phonograph, gramophone, talking machine: n.instr., neolog.
► ^BP#1022maqāl, n., 1 speech; 2 proposition, contention, teaching, doctrine; 3 article; 4 treatise; 5 piece of writing: quasi-n.loc., *‘place where s.th. is said, stated, etc.’
► ^BP#1022maqālaẗ, pl. -āt, n.f., 1 article; 2 essay; 3 treatise; 4 piece of writing: f. of maqāl, quasi-n.un. | ~ ĭftitāḥiyyaẗ, n.f., editorial, leading article
► muqāwalaẗ, n.f., 1 talk, conversation, parley, conference; 2 dispute; – (pl. -āt) 3 contractual agreement, mutual agreement (ʕalà on a job to be done); 4 agreement; 5 closing of a business deal: vn. III | bi’l-~, adv., by the job, by the contract, by piece (work).
► taqawwul, pl. -āt, n., talk, rumor, gossip: vn. V.
► ^BP#718qāʔil, pl. quwwal, 1 adj., saying, telling; 2 n., teller, narrator; 3 advocate, proponent (bi‑ of s.th.): PA I. — Cf. also ↗qaylūlaẗ.
► maqūl, pl. -āt, n., 1 that which is said, utterance, saying; 2 word(s), speech: PP I | al-~āt al-ʕašr, n.pl., the ten categories (philos.)¹
► ^BP#3340maqūlaẗ, n.f., a word (= short talk or written statement about s.th.): PP I f.
► muqāwil, pl. -ūn, n., contractor, (specif.) building contractor: PA III.

For the value ‘wing of an army, army corps’ see ↗qūl. – Cf. also ↗QYL.

1. namely, ↗ǧawhar ‘substance’, ↗kam ‘quantity’, ↗kayf ‘quality’, ↗ʔiḍāfaẗ ‘relation’, ↗ʔayn ‘place’, ↗matà ‘time’, ↗waḍʕ ‘collocation’, ↗milk ‘possession’, ↗fiʕl ‘action’, and ↗ĭnfiʕāl ‘passion’.

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