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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ḥurriyyaẗ حُرِّيَّة
meta
ID 200 • Sw – • NahḍConBP 529 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤRː (ḤRR)
gram
n.f.
engl
freedom, liberty; independence, unrestraint, license (e.g. poetic) – WehrCowan1979.
conc
The word is an abstract formation in ‑iyyaẗ from ↗ḥurr. In ClassAr it denotes the status of a free-born, as opposed to a slave. During C19 it came to express the modern concept of ‘freedom’, as a translation of one of the slogans of the French Revolution, liberté. By the early 1880s (at the latest), ḥurriyyaẗ had become a key concept of political discourse, as documented by the fact that al-Marṣafī mentions it as one of the words that were »on everybody’s tongue« during those days.
hist
1875 »1. État d’homme libre, non esclave. – 2. Pureté (de ce qui est sans mélange). – 3. Bonne maison, origine noble et pure. – 4. Affranchissement des passions et des affections de l’âme. – 5. Libre examen de la verité. – 6. [!] mod. Liberté politique. [!] - 7. pl. de حُرٌّ Hommes libres, nobles (ce mot s’applique aux Arabes purs, sans mélange d’autre race).« (Kazimirski1875)
▪ »La devise de la Révolution française, ḥurriyyaẗ, ↗musāwāt, ↗ʔiḫāʔ, est adopté par Miṣr al-Qāhiraẗ, le journal d’ʔAdīb ʔIsḥāq exilé à Paris. Le Docteur Šiblī Šumayyil publie un article enthousiaste sur cette révolution, Al-Ṯawraẗ al-firansiyyaẗ wa’l-ǧumhūriyyaẗ al-ʔūlā, dans Miṣr, 9 mai 1879. Son frère, ʔAmīn Šumayyil, commence dans al-Tiǧāraẗ, quotidien d’ʔAdīb ʔIsḥāq, à partir du 2 mai 1879, une série d’études sur al-Niẓām al-šūrawī ‘Le régime parlementaire’ [↗šūrà ], se référant surtout aux règles du parlement britannique. En 1882, Miṣr, alors dirigé par ʕAwn ʔIsḥāq, frère d’ʔAdīb, donnera, sous le titre al-↗qānūn al-ʔasāsī, la traduction de la Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 (23 mars 1882). Cependant le vocabulaire politique est encore incertain à cette époque, puisqu’on désignait tantôt par qānūn ʔasāsī, tantôt par lāʔiḥaẗ ʔasāsiyyaẗ le projet de constitution élaboré par Šarīf Pacha en 1882 (cf. Rāfiʕī, Ṯawraẗ, 185).« (Delanoue 1963: 9-10, fn. 2).
1881 ḥurriyyaẗ is one of Ḥ. al-Marṣafī’s al-Kalim al-ṯamān, i.e., the eight key concepts that were »on everybody’s tongue« these days.
cogn
Cf. ↗ḥurr.
disc
▪ …
▪ See also ↗ḥurr.
west
deriv
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