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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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²ǧadd جَدّ , pl. ǧudūd
meta
ID - • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 30Oct2022, last updated 12Nov2022
√ǦDː (ǦDD)
gram
n.
engl
good luck, good fortune – WehrCowan1976
conc
▪ According to Kogan2015: 33, »[t]here is hardly any immediate connection« between the notion of ‘good luck, fortune, success’ and the most prominent value in the root ↗√ǦDː(ǦDD) on which most others appear to be based, namely ↗†√ǦDː(ǦDD)_7 ‘to cut, cut off’. However, there is sufficient evidence to reconstruct protSem *gadd- ‘fortune, chance’ (DRS #GDD-3) or at least protWSem *GD ‘to be good, lucky, excellent’ (Kogan). The latter shows its clearest reflexes in Can names of divinities (and tribes), such as Hbr Gad ‘Gad’, a god of fortune as well as a personal name and name of a tribe.
▪ Unlike Kogan, DRS would not exclude a relation of ‘luck, fortune, success’ to *‘to cut, cut off’ – the authors let the numbering that otherwise would indicate a new, distinct value be preceded by a question mark (see below, section COGN); however, they remain silent about the nature of such a possible semantic relation (‘luck’ as positive *‘share, portion’ granted by a divine power?).
▪ Perhaps, the value can also be linked to the homonymous ↗¹ǧadd ‘grandfather’ which is without obvious cognates in Sem and thus probably derives from, or is somehow related to, one of the other items in √ǦDː(ǦDD). So, is ‘grandfather’ perhaps *‘the fortunate one’ or *‘the one who deserves as much respect, devotion, reverence as the fortune god Gad’? – Accord. to DRS , it was already Nöldeke1904: 94 who maintained that ‘grandfather’ related to ‘good luck, fortune’ etc. br> ▪ ²ǧadd ‘good luck, fortune, success’ may also be at the origin of the notion, now obsolete, of ↗†ǦDː (ǦDD)_12 ‘fat(ness), obesity’ (fortune allowing people to consume much food) and, hence, ‘power’, as attested in †ǧudd ‘obésité, corpulence; homme puissant’ (BK1860), †ǧadīd (Hava1899) ~ †ǧadūd (pl. ǧidād; BK1860) ‘fat (she-ass) | anesse grasse’.
▪ According to Kogan2015: 33, ²ǧadd is also likely related to ↗maǧd ‘glory, honor, dignity, nobility’ (< ma- + protWSem *GD ‘to be good, lucky, excellent’; cf. also ↗ǦWD ‘to be good, approvable, excellent’).
▪ …
hist
▪ †ǧadd (a, ǧadd), and pass. ǧudda bi- ‘to succeed in (an affair)’; †ǧadd, †ǧadīd (pl. ǧudud) ‘happy, lucky | heureux, fortuné’, †fulān ḏū ǧadd fī kaḏā ‘such a one is possessed of good fortune in such a thing’ (Lane ii)
▪ …
cogn
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #GDD-1 Akk gadādu ‘découdre? taillader?’; Hbr *hitgōded ‘se faire des incisions’; nHbr gādad ‘couper, inciser’; Aram gᵊdad ‘couper autour, rogner’; Talm ‘couper, partager’; Syr gadd ‘amputer, retrancher’; Mnd ʕgadad ‘être coupé, raccourci’; Qat šgdd ‘répartir, accorder’; Ar ǧadda ‘couper, retrancher’; Ar ǧudd ‘puits intermittent’, ǧadda ‘être décidé, paraître sérieux (événement, fait)’, ǧidd ‘zèle, effort’; SAr gdd ‘grand’, Sab hgdd ‘magnifier’; Gz gədud ‘sérieux’; Te gäddä ‘être plus grand, surpasser, étonner’, gäddo, gado, Tña gado, Amh (way)gud: interj. admirative ‘oh! étonnant!’. […] -?2 Syr gaddūdā ‘adolescent’; Ar ǧadīd ‘nouveau’, ǧadda ‘être neuf’; SAr gdd ‘assignation, distribution’. -?3 Hbr gad, Aram gaddā, Ar ǧadd, Te gäd, Tña gäddi ‘fortune, chance’; Amh gäd ‘augure’, gäddam ‘qui porte chance’. -4-7 […]
▪ Kogan2015: 33 #59 n.64: Hbr gad ‘fortune’, JudPalAram gaddā ‘luck’, Syr gaddā ‘fortuna, sors’, Mnd gada ‘fortune, success, luck’ (MD, Ar ǧdd ‘to be fortunate’, ǧadd ‘fortune’, Te gäd ‘luck, fortune’, Tña gäddi ‘luck, good luck or good fortune’, Amh gädd ‘luck’. – Cf. also Can names of divinities and, hence, also of tribes and individuals, such as Hbr Gad ‘Gad’, a god of fortune as well as a personal name (BDB1906: cf. Lat Fortunatus) and the name of a tribe (cf. also the n.prop.loc. Mᵊgiddô ‘Mageddo’).
▪ …
disc
▪ …
west
–
deriv
►maǧdūd, adj., fortunate, lucky

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ǧadd, ↗ǧidd, ↗ǧadda, ↗Ǧuddaẗᵘ, and ↗ǧāddaẗ as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦDː(ǦDD).
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