Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ vn. III, from ʔāmara ‘to ask s.o.’s (DO) advice, consult (s.o.)’, L-stem, associative, from ↗²ʔamr ‘matter, issue, affair’, lit., *‘to turn to s.o. to consult him/her on an issue (²ʔamr)’.
▪ [v2] seems to be a rather late development, shared also by some items of form VIII (see ↗muʔtamar).
▪ Monteil1960: 214 mentions muʔāmaraẗ ʻconspiracy, plot’ among the »mots-clefs« of the modern period.
▪ …

hist

▪ First attested as vn. (‘to consult, consulting, consultation’) in a letter (quoted in Bayhaqī’s Sunan) attributed to ʕUmar b. al-Ḫaṭṭāb; tentatively dated 644 CE by DHDA.
▪ First attestation as n. (‘s.th. that has been negociated and been agreed upon’, esp. a due payment) is dated c. 815 CE by DHDA (source: al-Iṣfahānī, K. al-Aġānī).
▪ ClassAr dictionaries do not give the value ‘conspiracy’ yet. The first attestation I was able to find for this value is in Bocthor’s Fr-Ar dictionary (Bocthor1828) where Fr conspiration is first explained as ‘entreprise secrète de plusieurs’, then translated as muʔāmaraẗ, ĭttifāq nās ʕalà šarr. But even here, the words muʔāmaraẗ and ĭttifāq alone do not seem to have a negative connotation yet, they simply mean ‘agreement, mutual consultation’; in order to signify conspiracy, the addition ʕalà šarr ‘on s.th. bad, on an evil action’ is needed. None of the dictionaries of the 19th and early 20th century list the value ‘conspiracy’.
▪ …

cogn

▪ ↗²ʔamr.
▪ …

disc

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

west

–

deriv

► ʔāmara, vb. III, to ask s.o.’s (DO) advice, consult (s.o.): L-stem, assoc., from ²ʔamr.
► taʔāmara, vb. VI, 1 to take counsel, deliberate together, confer, consult with each other; 2 to plot, conspire (ʕalà against): Lt-stem, recipr., from ²ʔamr (lit., *‘to take each other’s advice on an issue, ʔamr); [v2] seems to be a rather late development.
► ĭʔtamara, vb. VIII, 1 to deliberate, take counsel (bi‑ about); 2 to conspire, plot, hatch a plot (ʕalà against s.o.): Gt-stem, self-ref., from ²ʔamr (lit., *‘to ponder for o.s. over an issue, ʔamr) | ĭʔtamara bi-ʔamrih, vb. VIII, to carry out s.o.’s orders.

► taʔāmur, n., 1 joint consultation, counsel, deliberation, conference; 2 plot, conspiracy: vn. VI.
► mutaʔāmirūn, n.pl., conspirators, plotters: PA VI, pl.m.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ʔamara, ↗ʔamr, ↗ʔimmar, ↗ʔamāraẗ, ↗ʔamīr, ↗(ʔa)mīrī, ↗taʔmūr, ↗ĭstiʔmāraẗ, ↗muʔtamar, as well as, for the whole picture, ↗√ʔMR.

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