Bibliotheca Polyglotta

back; rear, rear part, rear side, reverse; flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part, top, surface; ẓuhūrāt (as a genit.; eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary – WehrCowan1979.

conc

▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *ṯ̣ahr‑ ‘back’.
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hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ẒHR–1: Akk ṣēr‑ ‘dos, dessus, steppe’, Ug ẓr ‘dos, sommet’, Hbr ṣohᵃr ‘toit’, Ar ẓahr ‘dos, dessus, surface d’une chose’, SAr b-θ̣hr ‘sur le dos de, sur’, Jib źähər, Mhr źāhər, Ḥrs ẓahr, źahr ‘dos, dos de chameau’, Mhr ẓār, Jib ẓer, Soq ṭhar ‘sur’. – Ar ẓahara, ẓāhara ‘servir d’appui, aider, assister’, Soq ṣwr ‘porter’, Gz ṣora, Amh ṭorä, ṭäwwärä ‘entretenir, pourvoir aux besoins de ses parents’, Arg ṭora ‘porter’, Gur ṭäwärä ‘porter sur le dos ou sur la tête, pourvoir au besoins de qn (particulièrement de ses parents)’.
▪ Kogan2011: Akk ṣēru, Ug ẓr, Ar ẓahr, Mhr ẓār, Jib ẓér, Soq ṭhar. Hbr ṣōhar is only preserved as a designation of Noah’s Ark in Genesis 6:16, but the adverb ṣú-uḫ-ru-ma ‘on the back’ is well attested in AmarnaCan.
▪ Cf. also other items of ↗√ẒHR.

disc

▪ Fronzaroli#2.65, and others after him, reconstruct Sem *ẓahr‑ ‘back’.
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west

–

deriv

► silsilaẗ al-ẓahr, n., spine, vertebral column.
► ẓahran li-baṭnin, adv., upside down, topsy-turvy.
► ẓahran ʕalà ʕaqibin, adv., from the ground up, radically, entirely, completely.
► bi-ẓahr al-ġayb, adv., behind s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously; secretly, stealthily, clandestinely.
► bayna ʔaẓhurihim, adv., in their midst, among them.
► min bayni ʔaẓhurinā, adv., from our midst, from among us.
► ʕalà ẓahr, prep., on (e.g., on the ground, on the water, etc.).
► ʕalà ẓahr al-bāḫiraẗ, adv., on board the steamer.
► ʕan ẓahr al-qalb, ʕan ẓahr qalbin or ʕan ẓahr al-ġayb, adv., by heart.
► mustaḫdam ẓuhūrāt, n., temporary employee.

► ẓahara, a (ẓuhūr), vb. I, to ascend, climb, mount; to gain the upperhand, to triumph (ʕalà over), get the better (ʕalà of), overcome, overwhelm, conquer, vanquish (ʕalà s.o.); to get (ʕalà s.th.) into one’s power; to gain or have knowledge (ʕalà of), come to know (ʕalà s.th.), become acquainted (ʕalà with); to know (ʕalà s.th.); to learn, receive information (ʕalà about); to be cognizant (ʕalà of); to learn (ʕalà s.th.) : denom. from ẓahr (*‘to get on top of s.th.’), or from ẓuhr (*‘to rise above s.th. like the sun at noon’)? – For other meanings ↗ẓahara ‘to appear, seem, become visible, evident’.
► ẓahhara, vb. II, to endorse (a bill of exchange): denom. (‘to back s.o.’)
► ẓāhara, vb. III, to help, assist, aid, support (s.o.): benefactive (*‘to lend one’s support to s.o., back s.o.’).
► ʔaẓhara, vb. IV, to grant victory (ʕalà over), render victorious; to acquaint (s.o. ʕalà with s.th.), initiate (s.o. ʕalà into s.th.), give knowledge or information (ʕalà about), inform, enlighten, explain; to let (s.o.) in on s.th. (ʕalà), make (s.o.) realize (ʕalà s.th.); to show, reveal (ʕalà s.th.): (caus., semantics not clear, may also be from ↗ẓahara ‘to appear, seem, become visible’ or from ↗ẓuhr ‘noon, midday’). – For other meanings of the vb. ↗ẓahara.
► taẓāhara, vb. VI, to help one another, make common cause (ʕalà against): reciprocal (to support/back each other). – For other meanings ↗ẓahara.
► ĭstaẓhara, vb. X, to seek help, assistance, or support (bi‑ with), appeal for help, for assistance (bi‑ to s.o.): properly, *‘to ask for s.o.’s backing, support’. – For other meanings ↗ẓuhr and ↗ẓahara

► ẓihrī: nabaḏa hū (ṭaraḥa-hū) ẓihriyyan, vb., to pay no attention to s.th., not to care about s.th., disregard s.th.: a nsb-adj?
► ẓahīr, n., helper, assistant, aid, supporter; partisan, backer; back (in soccer): lit., *‘the one who lends s.o. his/her support/backing’. – For another meaning ↗ẓahara.
► bayna ẓahrān ayhim, adv., in their midst, among them: ?.
► taẓhīr, n., endorsement, transfer by endorsement (of a bill of exchange; fin.): vn. II., denom.
► ẓihār, n., pre-Islamic form of divorce, consisting in the words of repudiation, ‘you are to me like my mother’s back’ (ʔanti ʕalayya ka-ẓahri ʔummī): vn. III, denom.
► muẓāharaẗ, n.f., assistance, support, backing: vn. III. – For another meaning ↗ẓahara.
► muẓahhir, pl. ‑ūn, n., endorser (of a bill of exchange; fin.): PA II.

► For other items of the root cf. ↗√ẒHR, ↗ẓuhr, ↗ẓahara.

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