Bibliotheca Polyglotta

I 1 to be or become long; 2 to last long; 3 to lengthen, grow longer, extend, be protracted, become drawn out; 4 to surpass, excel (ʕalà or s.o.); 5 to extend (ʔilà to)
II 1 to reach, catch, get hold of (DO); 2 to have power over (DO)

conc

▪ From (W)Sem *ṬWL ‘to be long, extend, stretch out’. [A] is usually treated as *ṭawula, while [B] is considered to be *ṭawila.
▪ [vB2] ‘(to have) power, ability, means’ is a secondary development (fig. use) and an Ar specificity within Sem.

hist

▪ eC7 ṭāla 1 (to become drawn out, be protracted) Q 21:44 bal mattaʕnā hāʔulāʔi wa-ʔābāʔa-hum ḥattà ṭāla ʕalay-him-u ’l-ʕumuru ‘indeed, We have granted these and their forefathers power and longevity so that life has become extended for them’; 2 (to become part of the distant past [experiences, events]; to seem long) Q 20:86 ʔa-fa-ṭāla ʕalay-kum-u ’l-ʕahdu ‘did the time of the Covenant seem too long for you? [also interpreted as: has it been too long since you received God’s assistance, or: since I [Moses] have been among you?]’
▪ eC7 taṭāwala (to become too, or very, prolonged, become very extended) Q 28:45 wa-lākin-nā ʔanšaʔnā qurūnan fa-taṭāwala ʕalay-him-u ’l-ʕumuru ‘but We have brought forth generations and time dragged on for them’
▪ See also ↗ṭawl, ↗ṭūl, ↗ṭawīl.

cogn

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬW/YL: Hbr hēṭīl ‘jeter au loin’, Syr ṭayyēl ‘se promener; circuler à cheval’, Ar ṭāla ‘être long; durer longtemps’, ṭawl ‘longueur’, Sab hṭl ‘s’étendre’, ṭl ‘longueur’, EthSar ṭl ‘durer longtemps’, Mhr ṭōl, Jib ṭol, Ḥrs ṭawl ‘longueur’, Mhr ʔaṭwīl, Ḥrs aṭwōl ‘prolonger’, Jib etyél ‘compter sur qc de bon dans le futur’, Te ṭäwwäla ‘allonger’
▪ Militarev2006#3042: Hbr ṭwl (hif) ‘to throw far’, SAr (Sab) ṭl ‘length’, Ar ṭwl ‘être long, s’étendre en longueur’, ṭawīl ‘long’, LebAr ṭawil, Mec ṭawiyl, Malt twīl ‘long’, Te ṭawwala ‘to extend’, Mhr ṭǝwīl, Ḥrs ṭewīl ‘long’
▪ Zammit2002: Hbr ṭūl (pilp.) ‘to hurl, cast’, (hif.) ‘to cast, cast out (javelin)’, nHbr (pi.) ‘to walk about, be at leisure, enjoy o.s.’, Aram ṭayyēl ‘to walk about; to drive off, send away’, Syr ṭayel ‘to walk to and fro’, SAr ṭwl ‘to extend, lengthen (lifespan)’, Ar ṭāla ‘to be long, last long, be prolonged’

disc

▪ Militarev2006#3042 reconstructs Sem *ṬWL ‘to be long’. The Mhr and Ḥrs cognates given by Militarev himself are said to be prob. from Ar; but cf. the other forms in these langs given in DRS.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#2382 thinks that Sem *ṬWL has a cognate in Eg dwn (Copt tōoun) ‘(intr.) to be stretched out; (tr.) to stretch out, stretch (bows), straighten (knees)’, cf. DISC in ↗ṬWL.
▪ The vb. should perh. better be treated as denom., in which case we would have two etyma: ↗ṭawl (giving ṭāla B) and ↗ṭūl (giving ṭāla A).

west

–

deriv

► ṭāla bi-hī ’l-zaman ḥattà, expr., it took a long time before he…
► yaṭūlu bī hāḏā, expr., this will (would) take me too long
► ṭāla ’l-zamānu ʔaw qaṣura, expr., sooner or later, before long
► lam yaṭul bi-hī ’l-maqāmu ḥattà, expr., he hadn’t been there very long when…
► lā taṭūlu yad-ī ʔilay-hi, expr., my hand can’t reach that far, i.e., I have no control over it, it isn’t possible for me
► law ṭālat-ka yad-ī, expr., if I could get hold of you

► ^BP#4073ṭawwala, vb. II, 1 to make long or longer, lengthen, elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend, protract (s.th.): D-stem, caus.; 2 to be very elaborate, very detailed, very exhaustive, longwinded, prolix: D-stem, denom., from ↗ṭawīl; 3 to grant a delay or respite (li‑ to s.o.): D-stem, caus., fig. use (*to extend the deadline for s.o.) | ~ bāla-hū ʕalay-hi, vb., to be patient with.
► ṭāwala, vb. III, 1 to keep putting off (s.o., fī in or with s.th.); 2 to vie for power, greatness or stature, contend, compete (DO with s.o.), rival, emulate (s.o.): L-stem, assoc. (*‘to compete with s.o. in tallness or in how far one’s influence reaches’).
► ʔaṭāla, vb. IV, 1 to make long or longer, lengthen, elongate, stretch out, extend, prolong, protract, draw out (DO or min s.th.): Š-stem, caus.; 2 to take too long, find no end: Š-stem, denom. from ↗ṭawīl | ~ ʕalay-hi, vb., to keep s.o. waiting a long time; ~ lisāna-hū, to speak in a forward manner, be pert, saucy, insolent in speech; ~ al-naẓar ʔilay-hi, expr., he kept staring at him; ~ al-wuqūf, expr., he stayed a long time; ~ fī ’l-mawḍūʕ, expr., to dwell, expatiate on the subject.
► taṭāwala, vb. VI, 1 to become long, be lengthened, be extended, be prolonged; 2 to stretch up, stretch o.s.; 3 to stretch (ʔilà for), crane one’s neck (ʔilà at): [v1-3] tL-stem, intr., perh. denom. from ↗ṭawīl; 4 to attack (ʕalà s.o.); 5 to become insolent, get fresh (ʕalà with s.o.); 6 to be insolent enough, have the cheek (li‑ to do s.th.); 7 to dare do s.th. (bi‑), presume (bi‑ s.th.), pretend (bi‑ s.th.); 8 to arrogate to o.s. (ʔilà rank): [v4-8] tL-stem, assoc. autoref., fig. use, lit. *‘to compete with s.o. in tallness, claim one’s own “length” (ability, power, etc.) to be bigger than s.o. else’s’ | ~ bi-raʔsi-hī, vb., to bear one’s head high (with pride).
► ĭstaṭāla, vb. X, 1 to be or become long: Št-stem, denom. from ↗ṭawīl; 2 to be or become overbearing, presumptuous, display an arrogant behaviour (ʕalà toward): similar to [v4-8] of taṭāwala (see preceding paragraph).
► ^BP#1419ṭālamā, var. la-ṭālamā, adv., how often! often, frequently (with foll. verbal clause): lit., *‘there is a long time since’ | ~ ʔanna, conj., while, as, the more so as.
► ṭawl, n., might, power: vn. of ṭāla B, or the latter’s etymon proper. | ṣāḥib al-ḥawl wa’l-~, the Almighty.
► ^BP#713ṭūl, pl. ʔaṭwāl, n., 1 length; 2 size, height, tallness: vn. of ṭāla A, unless the latter’s etymon proper. | ~ al-ʔanāẗ, n., long-suffering, longanimity, forbearance, patience; ~ al-naẓar, n., farsightedness, hyperopia; ḫaṭṭ al-~, n., geographical longitude, degree of longitude, meridian; bi-~ and ṭūlan, adv., lengthwise, longitudinally; ṭūla, prep., during, throughout,…long, e.g., ṭūla hāḏihī ’l-muddaẗ, adv., during this period, during all this time, ṭūla ’l-nahār, adv., all day (long); ~ mā, conj., as long as; ʕalà ~i…, prep. (with foll. gen.), along, alongside of; ʕalà ~ , adv. (eg.), 1 straight ahead; 2 straightway, directly; 3 at last, finally, after all; fī ~i ’l-bilād wa-ʕarḍi-hā, expr., throughout the country, all over the country; ʔanā fī ~i-ka, expr. (eg.), have mercy on me!; ~ al-bāʕ, n., power; mastery, capability, ability; knowledge; generosity; ~ al-nafas, n., endurance, lasting power, stamina; ~ al-yad, n., power.
► ṭūlī, adj., of length, linear, longitudinal: nsb-adj., from ṭūl. | ḫaṭṭ ~, n., geographical longitude, degree of longitude, meridian.
► ṭuwwal, n., a long-legged waterfowl: see ↗s.v.
► ^BP#1343ṭiwāla, var. ṭawāla, prep., 1 during, throughout; 2 along, alongside of: lit. an acc. of time [v1] or place [v2], from an obsol. vn. ṭiwāl.
► ^BP#316ṭawīl, pl. ṭiwāl, adj., 1 long; 2 large, big, tall; 3 high: adj. formation, expressing ints. quality of length, height, etc. in s.th.; 4 al-ṭawīl, n., name of a poetical meter: ?; 5 ṭawīlan, adv., long, a long time: acc. of time | ~ al-ʔaǧal, adj., longterm, long-dated; ~ al-ʔanāẗ, adj., long-suffering, forbearing, patient; ~ al-bāʕ, adj., mighty, powerful; capable, efficient; generous, liberal, openhanded; ~ al-rūḥ, adj., long-suffering, forbearing, patient; ~ al-qāmaẗ, adj., tall; ~ al-lisān, adj., insolent, impertinent, pert, saucy.
► ṭuwāl, adj., long: ?
► ṭuwālaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., stable: etymologically probably not belonging here (see ↗s.v.), but in the course of time interpreted as *‘the long one’.
► ^BP#2806ṭīlaẗa, prep., during, throughout, … long: acc. of time, from the otherwise obsol. n.f. ṭīlaẗ ‘extension (in time), duration’.
► ṭūlānī, adj., measured lengthwise, longitudinal: adj. formation, from ṭūl.
► ^BP#2626ʔaṭwalᵘ, adj., 1 longer, larger, bigger, taller; 2 extremely tall, very long: elat. of ↗ṭawīl.
► taṭwīl, n., 1 lengthening, elongation, stretching, extension, prolongation, protraction; 2 elaborateness, exhaustiveness, prolixity, long-windedness: vn. II.
► ʔiṭālaẗ, n.f., 1 lengthening, elongation, stretching, extension, prolongation, protraction; 2 elaborateness, exhaustiveness, prolixity, long-windedness: vn. IV.
► taṭāwul, n., insolence, cheek, arrogance: vn. VI.
► ĭstiṭālaẗ, n.f., overbearing attitude, haughtiness, presumptuousness, arrogance: vn. X.
► ṭāʔil, adj., 1 long; 2 huge, immense, ample, enormous (of funds): PA I; – n., 3 use, avail; 4 might, power, force: fig. use of [v1-2], lit. *‘what reaches far’ | ~ al-ṣawlaẗ, adj., mighty, powerful, forceful; dūn ~ and lā ~a taḥta-hū (fī-hi), adj., of no use, of no avail, useless, unavailing, futile; fī ġayri ṭāʔilin, dto.; mā fāza bi-~, vb., to accomplish nothing, be unsuccessful, fail.
► ṭāʔilaẗ, n.f., 1 might, power, force: same as ṭāʔil (see preceding para); 2 vengeance, revenge, retribution, retaliation: obviously fig. use, but semantics not satisfactorily clear. | waqaʕa taḥt ~ al-qānūn, expr., to be subject to punishment by law; taḥt ~ al-mawt, expr., under penalty of death.
► muṭawwal, adj., 1 elaborate, detailed, exhaustive, circumstantial; 2 extended; 3 comprehensive, thick (book): PP II; 4 length: ?; 5 (pl. ‑āt) thick, detailed handbook: ext. use, nominalization; pl. muṭawwalāt, large volumes; heavy tomes | muʕǧam ~, n., comprehensive, unabridged dictionary.
► mutaṭāwil, adj., 1 long-extended, longstretched, long-protacted, prolonged, lengthy; 2 insolent, cheeky, arrogant: PA VI.
► mustaṭīl, adj., n., 1 long, oblong, elongate(d), long-stretched; 2 protracted, prolonged, long drawn out; 3 a rectangle, an oblong; 4 a saucy, presumptuous person: PA X.
For other values of the root, cf. ↗ṭāwilaẗ, and (for the general picture) ↗ṬWL.

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