Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1a to preserve; b to hold, have in safekeeping, take care (of s.th.); c to keep, put away, save, store; d to conserve, preserve;2 to protect, guard, defend (s.o.); 3a to observe, bear in mind (s.th.), comply (with s.th.), be mindful, be heedful (of s.th.); b to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain, uphold (s.th.); c to retain in one’s memory, remember, know by heart; d to memorize, learn by heart, commit to memory (esp. the Koran); 4 to reserve (li‑nafsi-hī o.s. s.th.); 5 to stay, discontinue, suspend (al-taḥqīq a judicial investigation; jur.) – WehrCowan1976.

conc

▪ From protCSem *ḥpṯ̣ ‘to be mindful of, be attentive, care, preserve’ (of unknown deeper origin) – Huehnergard2011, Kogan2015.
▪ Dependent on ḥafiẓa (though kept apart from it in DRS) is probably also ↗ḥifẓaẗ ‘anger, indignation, resentment, rancor’. ClassAr dictionaries (as reported by Lane ii 1865, s.v. ^†ḥafīẓaẗ) circumscribe the meaning as ʻindignation\anger by reason of violence\injury done to s.th. which one is bound to honour or respect, and to defend, or of wrong done to a relation, or kinsman, in one’s neighbourhood, or of the breach of a covenant’. Thus, the ʻanger, indignation’ meant by ḥifẓaẗ seems to stem from the memory one has retained of harm that has been done to s.o.\s.th. one feels in charge of, honours, respects’.
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hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤPẒ-1 Hbr ḥāpeṣ ‘être bienveillant, être propice’, Syr ḥᵉpaṭ ‘s’appliquer à’, Ar ḥafiẓa ‘garder, conserver, préserver; observer’, ĭḥtafaẓa ‘garder’, ḥifẓ ‘attention, vigilance, mémoire’, Min ḥtfẓ ‘garder aux archives’, Mhr ḥəfūẓ, Jib ḥfɔẓ ‘préserver, surveiller; donner un alibi’, Jib ḥafẓ ‘lieu sûr, (bonne) garde’. -2 Ar ḥifẓaẗ ‘colère’.
▪ Kogan2015: 210 #10 Hbr ḥpṣ ‘to take pleasure in, desire; to be willing, feel inclined’, ḥēpäṣ ‘joy, delight; wish; matter, business’, Syr ḥpṭ ‘alicui rei operam navavit, studuit’, ḥupṭā ‘adhortatio, admonitio, sollicitudo’, Ar ḥfẓ ‘to keep, preserve, take care of,’ ḥifẓ ‘care, attention’, Min ḥtfṯ̣ ‘garder’; (? < Ar: Mhr ḥəfūḏ̣, Jib ḥfɔḏ̣ ‘to keep safe, preserve, look after’).
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disc

▪ See above, section CONC.
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west

▪ Engl hafiz ↗ḥāfiẓ.

deriv

►ḥafiẓa-hū ’ḷḷāh, expr., may God protect him!
►ḥafiẓa bi’l-barīd, vb., to hold in care of general delivery (s.th.)
►yuḥfaẓu fī ’l-būsṭaẗ, expr., in care of general delivery, poste restante
►ḥafiẓa wafāʔan li‑, expr., to be loyal to s.o., keep faith with s.o.

►ḥaffaẓa, vb. II, to have s.o. memorize (s.th.): D-stem, caus.
►^BP#2528ḥāfaẓa, vb. III, 1 to preserve, keep up, maintain, uphold, sustain (ʕalà s.th.); 2 to supervise, control (ʕalà s.th.), watch (ʕalà over s.th.); 3a to watch out (ʕalà for), take care, be heedful, be mindful (ʕalà of), look (ʕalà after), attend, pay attention (ʕalà to); b to keep, follow, observe, bear in mind (ʕalà s.th.), comply (ʕalà with), conform (ʕalà to); 4 to protect, guard, defend (s.th. and ʕalà, also ʕan s.th.): L-stem, applicative.
►taḥaffaẓa, vb. V, 1 to keep up, maintain, preserve (bi‑ s.th.); 2 to observe, keep in mind (bi‑ s.th.), be mindful, be heedful, take care (bi‑ of s.th.), be concerned (bi‑ with); 3 to be cautious, be wary, be on one’s guard; 4 to be reserved, aloof; 5 to have reservations: Dt-stem, self-ref.
►^BP#2896ĭḥtafaẓa, vb. VIII, 1 to maintain, uphold (bi‑ or s.th., e.g., bi‑ḥuqūq-hī, one’s rights); 2 to keep up, maintain, retain (bi‑ or s.th., e.g., a posture, a characteristic); 3 to take care, take over custody (bi‑ of s.o.), protect, guard (bi‑ s.o.); 4 to defend (against encroachment), hold, maintain (bi‑ a possession); 5 to preserve, sustain, continue, keep up (bi‑ s.th.); 6 to hold, possess (bi‑ s.th.); 7 to put away, hold, have in safekeeping (bi‑ s.th.), take care (bi‑ of s.th.); 8 to keep, retain (bi‑ s.th.); 9 ĭḥtafaẓa li-nafsi-hī, vb., to keep for o.s., appropriate, reserve for o.s. (bi‑ or s.th.), take complete possession (of): Gt-stem, self-ref.
►ĭstaḥfaẓa, vb. X, 1a to ask s.o. to guard or protect (s.th. or ʕalà s.th.); b to entrust (ʕalà or s.th. to s.o. s.th.), commit s.th. (ʕalà or s.th.) to the charge of s.o.: *Št-stem, desiderative.

►^BP#1597ḥifẓ, n., 1 preservation; 2 maintenance, sustentation, conservation, upholding; 3 protection, defense, guarding; 4 custody, safekeeping, keeping, storage; 5 retention; 6 observance, compliance (with); 7a memorizing, memorization; b memory; 8 (jur.) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of legal action, of a judicial investigation): vn. I., from protCSem *ḥipṯ̣‑ ‘attention’ – Huehnergard2011, Kogan2015. | ~ al-ʔāṯār, n., preservation of ancient monuments (Eg.); ~ al-ṣiḥḥaẗ, n., hygiene, sanitation; riǧāl al‑~, n.pl., police.
►ḥifāẓ, pl. ‑āt, n., dressing, ligature, bandage | ~ al-ḥayḍ, n., sanitary napkin.
►ḥafīẓ, adj., 1 attentive, heedful, mindful; 2 preserving, keeping, guarding (ʕalà s.th.): adj./ints. formation.
►maḥfaẓaẗ, var. miḥfaẓaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., 1 folder, bag, satchel, briefcase dispatch case, portfolio; 2 wallet, pocketbook: n.loc.f., var. n.instr.f.
►miḥfaẓaẗ, n.f., capsule: n.instr.f.
►taḥfīẓ, n., memorization drill, inculcation (esp. of the Koran): vn. II
►^BP#1446ḥifāẓ, n., 1 defense, protection, guarding (esp. of cherished, sacred things); 2 preservation, maintenance (ʕalà of interests); 3 keeping, upholding (of loyalty), adherence (to a commitment): vn. III.
►^BP#1885muḥāfaẓaẗ, n.f., 1a guarding; b safeguarding; 2 preservation; 3 protection, defense; 4 conservation, sustaining, upholding; 5 retention, maintenance (ʕalà of s.th.); 6 conservativism (pol.), conservative attitude; 7 following, observance (ʕalà of s.th.), compliance (ʕalà with s.th.), adherence (ʕalà to); 8 guarding (min against misfortune), saving (min from misadventure); 9 garrison (mil.); 10a ^BP#660(pl. ‑āt) governorate (one of five administrative divisions of Egypt, in addition to 14 mudīriyyāt); b province, any one of the larger administrative districts (Syr.); 11 office of the muḥāfiẓ (head of a governorate): vn. III. | ~ ʕalà al-nafs, n., self-preservation; maḏhab al‑~, n., conservative movement, conservativism, Toryism.
►taḥaffuẓ, n., 1 caution, wariness, restraint, reticence, reserve, aloofness; – (pl. ‑āt) 2 precaution, precautionary measure; 3 reservation, limiting condition, conditional stipulation, proviso: vn. V. | maʕa al‑~, expr., with full reservation.
►taḥaffuẓī, adj., precautionary, preventive: nisba formation from preceding. | ʔiǧrāʔāt taḥaffuẓiyyaẗ, n. pl., precautionary measures; ṣulḥ ~, n., settlement before action, preventive settlement (jur.)
►^BP#3717ĭḥtifāẓ, n., 1 guarding, safeguarding; 2 preservation; 3 retention, maintenance, continuation, conservation, defense, protection, vindication, sustaining, upholding; 4 keeping, holding, safekeeping, custody bi‑ of s.th.): vn. VIII.
►ḥāfiẓ, n., 1 keeper, guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker; 2 (pl. ḥuffāẓ, ḥafaẓaẗ) one who knows the Koran by heart (formerly an honorific epithet): PA I.
►ḥāfiẓaẗ, n.f., 1 memory; – 2 (pl. ‑āt, ḥawāfiẓᵘ) wallet, pocketbook, money order (Eg.): PA I.f.
►maḥfūẓ, adj., 1 kept, held in safekeeping, deposited, guarded, preserved; 2 memorized, committed to memory, etc.; 3 conserved, preserved (food); 4 reserved; 5 ensured, secured, safeguarded; 6 – pl. ‑āt, canned goods, conserves; 7 archives; 8 memorized material, what s.o. knows by heart: PP I. | dār al-maḥfūẓāt al-miṣriyyaẗ, n., the Egyptian Public Record Office; maʔkūlāt maḥfūẓaẗ, n. pl., conserves, canned goods; ǧamīʕ al-ḥuqūq maḥfūẓaẗ, expr., all rights reserved.
►^BP#1615muḥāfiẓ, adj. n., 1 supervisory, controlling; 2 observing (ʕalà s.th.), complying (ʕalà with), etc.; 3 conservative (pol.), al-muḥāfiẓūn, n.pl., the Conservatives, the Tories; 4 keeper, guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker, supervisor, superintendent; 5a mayor; b governor (Eg.: title of the chief officer of a governorate; SyrAr: chief officer of a province); c director general, president (= Brit. governor): PA III.
►mutaḥaffiẓ, adj., 1 vigilant, alert, wary, cautious; 2 reticent, reserved, aloof; 3 staid, sedate: PA V.
►mustaḥfaẓ, pl. ‑āt, n., reserve (mil.): PP X.

For other values attached to the root, cf., ↗ḥafiẓa, ↗ḥifẓaẗ, ↗ḥifāẓ, ↗maḥfaẓaẗ, ↗muḥāfaẓaẗ, ↗taḥaffuẓ, ↗ḥāfiẓ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤFẒ.

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