Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Jeffery1938: »Only in the plural form maqālīdᵘ in the phrase ‘His are the keys of heaven and earth’, where the use of mafātīḥᵘ in the similar phrase in vi, 59, proves that it means ‘keys’, though in these two passages many of the Commentators want it to mean ḫazāʔinᵘ ‘storehouses’.¹
It was early recognized as a foreign word, and said by the philologers to be of Pers origin.² The Pers kelīd to which they refer it is itself a borrowing from the Grk kleís, kleîda (Vullers, Lex, ii, 876), which was also borrowed into Aram ʔqlydʔ, Syr qulīḏā or ʔaqlīḏā. In spite of Dvořák’s vigorous defence of the theory that it passed directly from Pers into Arab³ we are fairly safe in concluding that the Ar ʔaqlīd is from the Syr ʔaqlīḏā,⁴ and the form miqlād formed therefrom on the analogy of miftāḥ, etc.⁵ «

1. Rāġib, Mufradāt, 422, and Baiḍ. on vi, 59. 2. al-Ǧawālīqī, Muʕarrab, 139; al-Suyūṭī, Itq, 324; Mutaw, 46; al-Ḫafāǧī, 18. 3. Fremdw, 79 ff.; Muḥīṭ, sub voc., wants to derive it directly from Grk. 4. Fraenkel, Fremdw, 15, 16; Mingana, Syr Influence, 88. 5. Fraenkel, Fremdw, 16, thinks that a form with m- may have been known in the Aram from which the Ar word was borrowed.

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