Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ClassAr dictionaries list several lexical items not only of the type taFʕūL, but also the f. taFʕūLaẗ as well as a variant with short u (taFʕuL(aẗ)) and or another with u also in the prefix (tuFʕuL(aẗ)). DRS classifies the lexeme that seems to correspond to the lemma of the present entry, taʔmūr(aẗ) ‘blood, heart’, as a value in its own right (#ʔMR-10), while tāmūr(aẗ) (~taʔmūr(aẗ)) ‘tower, little towers’ is grouped, together with ʔamāraẗ ‘signe, indice, repère’ and Hbr ʔāmir ‘tree or mountain top’ and tīmārā ‘column, pillar’ as the closest relatives, under the overarching #ʔMR-1, thus as belonging to the complex ‘to be visible > to take notice of, become aware of, observe > to see > to say > to command’ (the inner development of which is treated in root entry ↗√ʔMR).
▪ Unlike DRS where taʔmūr(aẗ) ‘sang, cœur’ remains without any relatives, neither in Ar nor outside, ClassAr lexica regard taʔmūr ‘soul, spirit’ as dependent on ↗ʔamara ‘to command’, »because it is that which is wont to command« (Lane i 1863). From ‘soul’ then also values like ‘intellect’ and ‘heart’ (as the *‘seat of the soul’), hence also ‘pericardium’ are derived. In a further step, taʔmūr(aẗ) may occasionally also signify, figuratively, the “soul” of s.th., i.e., its ‘essence’, its ‘life-blood’, which sometimes may turn out be ‘wine’, ‘water’, the ‘vizier (of a king)’, or the “heart” of a monastry, or a community of believers, hence the meaning ^†‘convent of monks’. Furthermore, if taʔmūr is used synecdochically, it can come to mean anybody having a ‘soul’, i.e., ‘man (in general), human being, anyone’ (also expressed by nisba formations such as ^†taʔmurī~taʔmūrī~tuʔmurī.
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cogn

▪ DRS 1 (1994) #ʔMR‑ 1 Ar ʔamara ‘ordonner’; SAr ʔmr ‘ordonner, manifester’; Soq ʕemor, Śḥr ʕoñr, Mhr amor ‘dire’; EpigrAram ʔmr, JP ʔāmar, Syr ʔemar, Mand amar ‘dire, parler, ordonner’; Ya ʔmrh ‘ordre(?)’; Phoen Pun Moab EpigrHbr ʔmr, Hbr ʔāmar ‘dire’; Ug ʔamr ‘souhait, parole(?)’. – Akk amāru ‘voir, regarder’; Ug ʔamr ‘être visible, voir’; Ar taʔammala ‘examiner’; Gz ʔammara ‘montrer, indiquer’; təʔmərt ‘signe’; ʔəm(m)ur ‘clair, bien connu’; Tña ʔamära ‘savoir’; Te ʔammärä ‘être clair’; ʔamir ‘connaissance’; Amh ʔamro ‘raison, intelligence’; təmərt ‘signe, marque, science’. – Hbr ʔāmir ‘sommet d’arbre ou montagne’; tīmārā ‘colonne pilier’, Ar ʔamāraẗ ‘signe, indice, repère’, tāmūr(aẗ) ‘tour, tourelles’; ?Amh ʔamärä ‘être beau, plaisant, aimable’. -2-9 […]. -10 Ar taʔmūr(aẗ) ‘sang, cœur’.
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▪ ClassAr ^†taʔmurī~^†taʔmūrī~^†tuʔmurī ‘man’ is a nisba formed from taʔmur~taʔmūr~tuʔmur in the sense of ‘soul, spirit, mind’. Thus, ‘man’ is *‘the animate one, the one with a soul\spirit\mind’.
▪ In ClassAr ^†taʔmūr also appears as a variant of ^†yaʔmūr, which in its turn seems to be a modification of ↗yaḥmūr ‘small beast, kind of mountain-goat, having a single branching horn in the middle of his head, roebuck’ (grouped under ↗√ḤMR).

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► ĭltihāb al-taʔmūr, n., pericarditis (med.).

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ʔamara, ↗ʔamr, ↗ʔimmar, ↗ʔamāraẗ, ↗ʔamīr, ↗(ʔa)mīrī, ↗muʔāmaraẗ, ↗ĭstiʔmāraẗ, ↗muʔtamar, as well as, for the whole picture, ↗√ʔMR.

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