Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1a to be successful, succeed, be victorious, be triumphant; 1b to gain a victory, conquer, vanquish, defeat, overcome, surmount, overwhelm, get the better; 2a to seize, take possession; 2b to get, obtain, attain, achieve, gain, win – WehrCowan1976

conc

▪ Ar ẓafira ‘to be successful, victorious’ has an obvious cognate only in Sab (see below). Etymology obscure. Any relation to ↗ẓufr ‘fingernail, claw’ ?

hist

▪ …

cogn

▪ DRS 10 (2012) #Ṯ̣PR-1 [perh. unrelated to -2!] Akk ṣupr-, ṣupur-, Hbr ṣippōren, JudPal ṭuprā, Ar ẓufr, Mhr ẓēfēr, ṭayfir, Soq ṭifer, ṭayfher, Jib ẓifär, Ḥrs ẓefīr, Gz Te ṣəfər, Tña ṣəfri, Gaf ṣəfrä, Amh Gur ṭəfər, Har ṭifir, Arg č̣əffər ‘ongle, griffe’. – Ar ẓafara ‘égratigner avec les ongles’, Gz ṣafara ‘couper les ongles’, Gur č̣äfärä ‘griffer en laissant une marque’. - ? 2 Ar ẓafira ‘se saisir de; avoir le dessus, vaincre’, Sab ṯ̣fr ‘vaincre’. -3–4 […].

disc

▪ See above, section CONC.

west

…

deriv

►ẓaffara, vb. II, to grant victory, make triumph, render victorious: D-stem, caus.
►ʔaẓfara, vb. IV, = II: *Š-stem, caus.
►taẓāfara, vb. VI, to ally, enter into an alliance or confederacy, join forces: Lt-stem, assoc.

►ẓafar, n., victory, triumph: vn. I, which may be the etymon proper.
►ẓafir, adj., victorious, successful, triumphant; (pl. ẓufrān) ↗ẓufr
►ʔuẓfūr, n., ↗ẓufr
►ẓāfir, adj., victorious, triumphant; successful; victor, conqueror
►muẓaffar, adj., victorious, successful, triumphant

For other items formed from the root, cf. ↗ẓufr and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ẒFR

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