Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Rolland2014a: prob. via Aram (so Jeffery1938) from the same oPers etymon from which also Pers kund ‘courageous, brave, strong’ and gundāvar ‘combattant’ are derived; these from Skr kunthah ‘raw; strong; hero’, IE *kund- ‘raw/brutal, strong, massive, rude’.
▪ Cheung2017(rev): ultimately of Ir origin, but prob. borrowed indirectly, via EmpAram or dialAram ⁽*⁾gund. For details, see below, section DISC.
▪ …

hist

▪ eC7 (‘host, army, troop, force’) Q: Some twenty-nine times, in various forms, cf. ii, 250; ix, 26, etc.
▪ …

cogn

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disc

▪ Jeffery1938: »The word has no verbal root in Arabic, the verbs ǧannada ‘to levy troops’ and taǧannada ‘to be enlisted’ being obviously denominative, as indeed is evident from the treatment of the word in the Lexicons (cf. LA, iv, 106). / It is clearly an Iranian borrowing through Aram as Fraenkel, Vocab, 13, notes, on the authority of Lagarde, GA, 24.¹ Phlv gund, meaning an ‘army’ or ‘troop’,² is related to Skr vṛinda³ and was borrowed on the one hand into Arm gund ‘army’⁴ and Kurdish ǧwnd ‘village’, and on the other into Aram where we find the gwndʔ of the Bab.Talmud, the Mnd gwndʔ (Nöldeke, Mand. Gramm. 75), and, with suppression of the weak n, in Syr gūdā. The word may possibly have come into Arabic directly from the Iranian, but the probabilities are that it was through Aram.⁵ In any case it was an early borrowing, for the word is found in the old poetry, e.g. in al-ʔAʕšà (Geyer, Zwei Gedichte, i, 24 = Dīwān, i, 56) and ʕAlqamaẗ.« ▪ …

1. Lagarde, as a matter of fact, takes this suggestion back as far as Saint-Martin, Mémoires, i, 28. 2. Dinkard, iii, Glossary, p. 6; Nyberg, Glossar, 86. 3. Horn, Grundriss, 179, on the authority of Nöldeke. Hübschmann, Persische Studien, 83, however, thinks this unlikely. 4. Lagarde, GA 24; Hübschmann, Arm. Gramm, i, 130, and cf. Hübschmann, Persische Studien, 83. 5. Sprenger, Leben, ii, 358, n.; Vollers, ZDMG, 1, 611. We find gndʔ and gwndʔ on incantation bowls as associated with the hosts of evil spirits; cf. Montgomery, Aramaic Incantation Texts from nippur, Glossary, p. 285.

west

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deriv

►ǧund al-ḫalāṣ, Salvation Army

►ǧannada, vb. II, 1 to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (mil.); 2 to mobilize (an army, ʕalà against): D-stem, denom.
►taǧannada, vb. V, to be drafted, be conscripted, be enlisted (for military service): tD-stem, denom., self-ref.

►^BP#654ǧundī, n., pl. ǧunūd, soldier, private: nominalized nsb-adj. | ǧundī ʔawwal, private first class (lr., Syr.); ǧundī mustaǧidd, recruit (Ir., Syr.); al-ǧundī al-maǧhūl, the Unknown Soldier
►ǧundiyyaẗ, n.f., 1 military affairs; 2 the army, the military; 3 military service: abstr. formation in -iyyaẗ
►taǧnīd, n., 1 draft, enlistment (mil.); 2a recruitment; b mobilization: vn. II | al-taǧnīd al-ʔiǧbārī, military conscription
►taǧannud, n., military service: vn. V.
►muǧannad, n., recruit: nominalized PP II.

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