Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ (pl.) eC7 Q ii, 107, 114; iii, 60; v, 21, 56, 69, 85; ix, 30. We also find the form hūd in ii, 105, 129, 134, and the denom. vb. hāda in ii, 59; iv, 48, etc. – Jeffery1938
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▪ (pl. ‘the Jews’ ) Jeffery1938: »The philologers recognized it as a foreign word, though they were uncertain whether to derive it from Hbr¹ or Pers.² It is curious that anyone should have sought for a Pers origin, and yet Addai Sher, 158, accepts the theory, claiming that hāda (yahūdᵘ, hawdᵃⁿ) with the meaning of raǧaʕa ʔilà ’l-ḥaqq is from the Pers hūdah. It is true that in Šāyast-ne-šāyast, vi, 7, we find Phlv Yahūt,³ and in Av the form Yahūd, but these, like the čaχūd of the Christian Soghdian texts (cf. Jansen’s Wörterverzeichnis to F. W. K. Müller’s Soghdische Texte, p. 93), are obviously derived from the Aram. Hirschfeld, New Researches, 27, thinks that Muḥammad’s use of the verb ḥāda shows that he got the word from JudAram sources,⁴ and not understanding it perfectly, gave it an Ar etymology by connecting it with the root hāda ‘to repent’, which is the reason for the form hūd beside yahūd. The fatal objection to this theory, however, is that we find the form yahūdī in the old poetry,⁵ so that it would have been well known in Arabia before Muḥammad’s day. Horovitz points out that in the Qurʔān yahūd always means the Jews of Muḥammad’s day, the Jews of antiquity being referred to as Banū Isrāʔīl. / The word yhd occurs in the SAr inscriptions (Glaser, 394/5),⁶ and Grimme, ZA, xxvi, 161, suggests that it came to the Ḥijāz from the South, which is very possible, though the ultimate origin, of course, will be the Jewish yᵊhûdî.« .
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1. al-Ǧawālīqī, Muʕarrab, 157; al-Suyūṭī, Itq, 326; al-Ḫafāǧī, 216. 2. al-Suyūṭī, Mutaw, 47. 3. Salemann, Manichaeische Studien, i, 87, and the Paz. Zuhud in Shikand, Glossary. Cf. also Kenning, Manichaica, iii, 66. 4. So also p. 104; Beiträge, 15 ff.; Pautz, Offenbarung, 121; Grünbaum, ZDMG, xl, 285; Horovitz, KU, 154; Geiger, 113. 5. Imruʔ al-Qays, xl, 7 (Ahlwardt, Divans, p. 141), and see Margoliouth, Schweich Lectures, 79. 6. See Ryckmans, Noms propres, i, 231, 299.

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