Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Prob. via It carta (< Lat c(h)arta) from Grk χártē ‘sheet of paper’, itself perh. a borrowing (with metathesis, from Eg sḫr.t ‘bundle of papyrus rolls, scroll’ ?). The earlier form, Grk χártēs ‘leaf of paper, made from the separated layers of papyrus’ (LidellScott1901), may be the origin of, or have the same etymon as, ↗qirṭās.
▪ In MSA, the value ‘map, chart’ is more frequently expressed by ḫarīṭaẗ than by ḫāriṭaẗ. In ClassAr, ^†ḫarīṭaẗ meant ‘receptable, pouch, purse (of leather, rag, etc.)’ (see ↗^†ḪRṬ_9). Formed on the quasi-PP I pattern Faʕīlaẗ, ^†ḫarīṭaẗ originally meant *‘scraped off’, prob. referring to the leather from which the bags etc. were made. – Was the confusion of, and eventual merger between, the old, genuine ^†ḫarīṭaẗ ‘leathern receptable’ and the younger borrowing ḫāriṭaẗ as ‘map, chart’ perh. possible because maps used to be kept in leathern containers? According to DHDA, ḫarīṭaẗ is first attested in 681 CE (in the sense of ‘leathern container, receptable’), while ḫāriṭaẗ appeared only much later (not attested in sources of the first three Islamic centuries).
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hist

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cogn

▪ Klein1987, DelOlmoLete2003, DRS #ḪRṬ- [?]1 ↗ḫaraṭa. -2 [...]. -[?] 3 Hbr ḥārīṭ ‘poche, bourse’, Ar ḫarṭaẗ ‘sac, sacoche’. -4 [...].
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disc

▪ Rolland2014̈ (s.v. ḫarīṭaẗ, var. ḫāriṭaẗ ‘carte (de géographie)’¹ et q˅rṭās ‘cahier, feuille, papier’) : « Seraient tous deux issus – directement ou via les formes latinisées carta et chart – du Grk χártēs ‘rouleau de papyrus’. C’est l’opinion de Rajki, confirmé par Nişanyan. / Mais si l’emprunt semble avéré pour qarṭās, les choses sont moins claires pour ḫarīṭaẗ, que la plupart de nos auteurs semblent considérer comme un simple dérivé adjectival substantivé du verbe ḫaraṭa ‘dépouiller une branche de ses feuilles’. Auquel cas, l’origine de [Grk] χártēs étant inconnue, tout laisse supposer, pour ce mot comme pour bon nombre d’autres mots grecs, une origine sémitique (phénicienne?) commune à Ar ḫarīṭaẗ et au Grk χártēs. / Dans un deuxième temps, l’arabe aura emprunté à son tour Grk χártēs sous les formes ḫāriṭaẗ et qarṭās. / Du même étymon : ḫarṭūš ou ḫarṭūšaẗ ‘cartouche’ < Fr cartouche < It cartoccio, proprement ‘cornet de papier’, diminutif de carta ‘papier’ ; et [Ar] kārtūn ou kartūn ‘carton’ < Fr carton < It cartone, augmentatif de carta.

1. Lane et Kazimirski, qui ignorent le sens moderne de ‘carte de géographie’, traduisent ḫarīṭaẗ par ‘sac, cabas’. Bellot fait une distinction entre ḫarīṭaẗ ‘sac, cabas, sac dans lequel on suspend des œufs de ver-à-soie’ et ḫāriṭaẗ ‘carte de géographie’. Reig ignore ce dernier, et Wehr donne les deux mots comme synonymes avec le seul son de ‘carte de géographie’.

west

▪ Not from Ar ḫāriṭaẗ ~ ḫarīṭaẗ, but perh. from the main source is Engl card : »(eC15) ‘a playing card’, from oFr carte (C14), from mLat carta/charta ‘a card, paper; a writing, a charter’, from Lat charta ‘leaf of paper, a writing, tablet’, from Grk χártēs ‘layer of papyrus’, which is prob. from Eg (see below). The form has been influenced by It cognate carta ‘paper, leaf of paper’. Compare chart (n.). The shift in Engl from -t to -d is unexplained« – EtymOnline.
▪ Cf. also Fr chartre, from ClassLat chartula ‘petit écrit’, en LLat et mLat ‘acte, document’, from ClassLat charta ‘feuille de papyrus préparée pour recevoir l’écriture’, d’où ‘écrit’ et ‘lettre’, spécialement en LLat (pl.) ‘écrits, actes authentiques; pièces d’archives’; en mLat ‘acte dispositif’ – CNRTL.
▪ Grk (χártē <) χártēs is, in its turn, quite likely to be a borrowing. Beekes and others (EtymOnline, Kluge, etc.) assume that the donor must have been Eg; but, apparently, there is no semantically or phonologically obvious Eg etymon. The only candidates in TLA that could come close to Grk χártēs are the divine epitheton Eg ḥr.jt-wʾḏ=s ‘the one (goddess) who is on her papyrus column’ and sḫr.t ‘bundle of papyrus rolls, scroll’. The former is semantically prob. too specialised to pass as a serious candidate for the etymon of Grk χártēs; the latter could fit with regard to the semantics, but we would have to assume a metathesis Eg sḫr.t [> *ḫrts] > Grk χártēs. So, is it perh. from a Sem language (Phoen?, as Rolland2014 asks)? This would be similar to the view, put forward by ClassAr sources, that ḫarīṭaẗ is a quasi-PP I from ¹ḫaraṭa, i.e., the *‘(container made from) scrapped off (skin, i.e., leather)’.
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deriv

►ḫāriṭaẗ al-ṭarīq, road map

►^BP#2687ḫarīṭaẗ, pl. ḫarāʔiṭᵘ, ḫuruṭ, n.f., map, chart

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḫaraṭa, ↗ĭnḫaraṭa, ↗(SyrAr) ḫarrāṭaẗ, and also ↗ḫarṭīṭ , as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗ḪRṬ and ↗ḪRṬṬ.

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