Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1 to preserve, keep from injury, protect from harm, save. – 2 to hand over intact; hence also to hand over, turn over, surrender; to deliver (in general) . – 3 to lay down (arms); to surrender, give o.s. up; to submit, resign o.s.. – 4 to greet, salute. – 5 to grant salvation (God to the Prophet). – 6 to admit, concede, grant (bi‑ s.th.); to consent (bi‑ to s.th.) approve of, accept, sanction, condone – WehrCowan1979. – ^†7 (only in Hava1899) to finish (making a leathern bucket, dalw).

conc

The D-stem (vb. II) of the verbal root SLM has a large spectrum of meanings, all derived from more basic items.

▪ [v1] ‘to preserve, keep from injury, protect from harm, save: caus. of ↗salima or denom. from ↗salīm; in both cases the lit. meaning is *‘to make that s.th. stays intact, unharmed’.
▪ [v2] ‘to hand over intact; hence also to hand over, turn over, surrender; to deliver (in general) ’: either a development from the idea, just mentioned, of preserving and keeping intact, and thus first a specialisation (‘keeping intact’ also means ‘delivering safely, intact’), then a generalisation (‘to deliver safely’ > ‘to deliver, hand over’),¹ or it is denominative from salam_1, now a technical term in Isl. Law (‘forward buying, payment in advance’), but originally probably a present, an offering, or a sacrifice made to a deity or a ruler in expectation of protection (safety, salām); from the use as a technical term (attested already in Akk, whence it seems to have passed into Hbr and Aram, and from Aram probably into Ar) of ‘peace offering; (>) prepayment’ may have sprung the general meaning of handing over s.th. – Whether from salima / salīm or from salam_1, in both cases the corresponding tD-stem (vb. V), tasallama, has autobenefactive meaning (‘to receive’ = *‘to have s.th. handed over or delivered for o.s. ’).
▪ [v3] ‘to lay down (arms); to surrender, give o.s. up; to submit, resign o.s.’: most likely a specialization of [v2].
▪ [v4] ‘to greet, salute’: denom., from ↗salām.
▪ [v5] ‘to grant salvation (God to the Prophet)’: a specialization that is the result of a transfer of the primary meaning of ‘keeping intact, unharmed’ to the religious sphere; can also be interpreted as denom. from ↗salām in the original sense of ‘unharmed state, safety’. In MSA, the vb. II is no longer used with this meaning, except in the Islamic formula (eulogy) that always should follow a mentioning of the prophet Muḥammad’s name: ṣallà ’ḷḷāhu ʕalay-hi wa-sallama ‘may God bless him and grant him salvation!’
▪ [v6] ‘to admit, concede, grant (bi‑ s.th.); to consent (bi‑ to s.th.) approve of, accept, sanction, condone’: probably declarative from ↗salīm, thus lit. *‘to find sound, intact, whole’.
▪ ^†[v7] ‘to finish (making a leathern bucket, dalw)’: acc. to Wahrmund, vb. I (which accord. to Lane and Wahrmund denotes the same as the vb. II given by Hava1899), the bucket is made from the bark of a tree called salam (↗salam_2); the vb. would thus be denominative.

1. Kerr2014 holds that form II in Ar »has undergone the development ‘to make healthy, unharmed’ > ‘to protect from damage’ > ‘to deliver safely’ > ‘to deliver’ (compare to the Fr sur-rendre), in the sense of dedito «.

hist

▪ …

cogn

See ↗salima, ↗salīm, ↗salam_1, ↗salam_2.

disc

See section CONCISE, above, and entries ↗salima, ↗ salīm, ↗salam_1, ↗salam_2.

west

–

deriv

► ^BP#2887tasallama, vb. V, to get, obtain; to receive s.th.; to have s.th. handed over or delivered; to take over, assume (the management of s.th.): t-stem, refl./autofct.
► ^BP#1991taslīm, n., handing over; turning over; presentation; extradition; surrender (of s.th.); delivery (comm.; of mail); submission, surrender, capitulation; salutation; greeting; concession, admission; assent, consent (bi‑ to), acceptance, approval, condonation, unquestioning recognition (bi‑ of) : vn. II.
► tasallum, n., receipt; taking over, assumption; reception: vn. V.
► musallam, adj., unimpaired, intact, unblemished, flawless; (also musallam bi-hī) accepted, uncontested, incontestable, indisputable, incontrovertible: PP II.

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