Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Scarcely attested outside Ar. According to Kogan2015: 43 (fn.109), »no clear cognates have been discovered so far« for Ar ḥaǧar ʻstone’. At the same time, the author asks whether one should not »tentatively surmise a derivation from ḥǧr ‘to prevent, hinder, restrain’, with the semantic development ʻobstacle, border’ > ʻstone’?« If this should be the correct etymology, ḥaǧar ʻstone’ would, like many other items, dependend on ↗ḥaǧara ʻto surround, gird, enclose, hence also: to hinder, bar, be an obstacle’.
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hist

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cogn

▪ See perh. also ↗ḥaǧara.
▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤGR-1 [see ↗ḥaǧara]. – ? 2 Ar ḥaǧar, SAr ḥgr ‘pierre’, ? Gz ḥagʷər, ḥəgʷər, ḥəgur dans zabiba ḥəgur ‘pépins de raisin’. -3-4 […].
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disc

▪ The tentative derivation, suggested by Kogan2015, of [v4] ḥaǧar ʻstone’ from √ḤǦR ‘to prevent, hinder, restrain’, does not seem impossible, but it is also not really convincing. A semantic development in the opposite direction, i.e. *ʻstone > obstacle, border > to prevent, hinder, restrain’ would sound more plausible. For the time being, however, inner-Sem evidence does not allow such a reconstruction – if it reflected historical truth, Ar would be the only Sem lang to have preserved the hypothetical primary meaning *ʻstone’. This, however, is rather unlikely, not only because no other Sem lang (except perh. SAr) connects √ḤG/ǦR with the meaning ʻstone’, but also in light of the fact that protSem had another word for ʻstone’ (protSem *ʔabn‑ – Kogan2015: 43 #81) which is widely attested in many Sem langs – but completely ousted is Ar!¹
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1. Cf. Kogan2015, 174: »for many fundamental concepts, deeply rooted protSem lexemes persisting in the majority of Sem langs are either completely lost in Ar or deprived of their basic status: protSem *nkṯ/*nṯk ‘to bite’ > Ar ↗ʕaḍḍa, *šty ‘to drink’ > ↗šariba, *ʔiš(-āt)- ‘fire’ > ↗nār, *wrḳ ‘to be green, yellow’ > ↗ʔaḫḍar, *libb‑ ‘heart’ > ↗qalb, *ydʕ ‘to know’ > ↗ʕalima, *warḫ‑ ‘moon’ > ↗qamar, *ś˅rš‑ ‘root’ > ↗ʔaṣl, *ḏarʕ‑ ‘seed’ > ↗baḏr, *wṯb ‘to sit’ > ↗qaʕada, *ʔabn‑ ‘stone’ > ↗ḥaǧar, *ʕiṣ́- ‘tree’ > ↗šaǧar, *ʔ˅nṯ‑at‑ ‘woman’ > ↗ĭmraʔaẗ.

west

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deriv

► al-ḥaǧar al-ʔasāsī, and ḥaǧar al-ʔasās, n., the foundation stone, cornerstone; waḍʕ al-ḥaǧar al-ʔasāsī, n., laying of the cornerstone;
► ḥaǧar al-balāṭ, n., flagstone, paving stone;
► ḥaǧar ǧahannam, n., lunar caustic, silver nitrate;
► ḥaǧar al-ǧīr, n., limestone;
► ḥaǧar al-summāqī or al‑~ al-summāqī, n., porphyry;
► al-ḥaǧar al-ʔaswad, n., the Black Stone (of the Kaaba);
► ḥaǧar al-šādanaẗ, n., hematite (min.);
► ḥaǧar al-ʕaṯraẗ, n., stumbling block;
► ḥaǧar al-falāsifaẗ, n., philosopher’s stone;
► ḥaǧar al-qamar, n., salenite (tech.);
► ḥaǧar ṯamīn and ḥaǧar karīm, n., precious stone, gem;
► ṭabʕ ʕalà ’l-ḥaǧar , n., litograph;
► ṭabāʕaẗ al-ḥaǧar, n.f., lithography.

►ḥaǧǧara, vb. II, 1 to petrify, turn into stone (s.th.); 2 to make hard as stone (s.th.): D-stem, denom., caus.
►taḥaǧǧara, vb. V, to turn to stone, petrify, become petrified: Dt-stem, refl. of II.

►ḥaǧarī, adj., stony, stone (adj.): nisba formation | al-ʕaṣr al-ḥaǧarī , n., the Stone Age; al-ʕaṣr al-ḥaǧarī al-ḥadīṯ, n., the Neolithic period; al-ʕaṣr al-ḥaǧarī al-qadīm, n., the Paleolithic period
►ḥaǧir, adj., stony, petrified.
►ḥaǧǧār, n., stone mason, stone cutter: n.prof.
►maḥǧir, pl. maḥāǧirᵘ, n., 1 (stone) quarry; 2 ↗s.v.: n.loc.
►taḥǧīr, n., 1 petrification; 2 stone quarrying: vn. II.
►taḥaǧǧur, n., petrification: vn. V.
►mutaḥaǧǧir, adj., petrified: PA V.
►mustaḥǧir, adj., petrified: PA X.

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