Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Kogan2011: »There is no PS term for ‘camel’. […] The most widespread common terms are *gamal‑ (Ar ↗ǧamal), *ʔibil‑ (Ar ↗ʔibil = present entry), *nāḳ-at‑ (Ar ↗nāqaẗ), and *b˅kr‑ (Ar ↗bakr).«
▪ From (only Arabian?) Sem *ʔibil‑ ‘camel’, from AfrAs *ʔa/iba/il‑, *balbal‑ ‘camel’.

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▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#90: SAr ʔbl, Ḥrs ḥe-ybīt, Mhr ḥe-ybīt, and Jib yit ʻcamelʼ. – Outside Sem: bila-he ‘donkey’ in ECh Lele (< ECh *bil‑)?¹
▪ MilitarevKogan SED II (2005)#2: Syr ʔebbālətā ‘herd (of camels)’, Sab Qat ʔbl (f. ʔblt) ‘camel’, Mhr ḥǝ-ybīt, Jib yǝt, eyét, Ḥrs ḥǝ-ybīt ‘she-camel’. < (Ar)Sem *ʔibil ‘camel’. – Outside Sem: Berb Ghat abal ‘chameau en âge d’être monté’, Ayr abal, pl. abalăn ‘chameau noir et court d’une race particulière’ (also ‘autruche mâle’), Ahaggar ăbal, pl. âbalən ‘jeune chameau’, tăbalt ‘chamelle de selle d’âge qcq.’.² – Cush Beja baláabu ‘2-3 years old camel’.
▪ Kogan2011: (Akk ibilu, Syr ʔebbāltā,) Sab Qat ʔbl, ʔblt, Mhr ḥə-ybīl, Jib yət.

1. MilitarevKogan2005, SED II #2, think that for Lele bila-he one rather has to conform Sem *baġ/ḳl ‘mule’, see Ar ↗baġl. 2. »The vocalism of the Tuareg forms speaks against their Ar origin.«

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▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#90 reconstruct Sem *ʔib(i)l‑ ʻcamelʼ and, if the Sem evidences should at all be akin to ECh, then perhaps all from AfrAs *ʔi-bil‑ ʻcamel, donkeyʼ. The initial *ʔi‑ in Sem would then be a prefix, preserved only there, or it is part of the root but lost in ECh for phonetic reasons. Another possible anlaut in AfrAs could have been *ʔe‑.
▪ MilitarevKogan SED II (2005)#2: »The present root is reliably attested in the Arabian area only which makes its Common Semitic status doubtful […]¹ . From […]< (Ar?)Sem *ʔibil‑ ‘camel’. – Reconstructions for non-Sem: Berb *Habal‑ ‘(young) camel’. – Cush *balbal‑ ? – All from AfrAs *ʔa/iba/il‑, *balbal‑ ‘camel’.

1. »… but cf. DRS 3 where Sem ʔ/hibil‑ ‘chameau, troupe de chameaux’, ‘bête de somme’ is apparently reconstructed as PS; for a similar opinion cf. already Nöldeke1879 1268 where the Syr forms are thought to provide a decisive argument in favor of the Common Semitic background of the present root. […] Akk ibilu ‘Arabian camel, dromedary’ […] is a late literary term of limited frequency […] which can hardly be regarded as genuine Akkadian.«

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