Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2058: Within Sem, the many cognates of Ar ḫaym-at‑ have either the ‎meaning ‘tent’ (Ug ḫm-t, Gz ḫaymat, Jib ḫom = pl.) or ‘hut, cabin’ (SAr ḫym, Tgr ḫaymät, ‎Amh haym-ät), while Ḥrs ḫīm-ēt‑ can mean both.
Outside Sem the word has cognates in Berb ‎‎*γ(˅)yam‑ (ta-γyam-t, Kby a-ḫḫam, Ahg ta-ḫyam-t ‘tent’; another ta-ḫyam-t ‘village’), ‎Eg ḫm ‘temple’ (pyr), ECh *kam-kam‑ (redupl.; reconstructed from the forms kankama and kamkama).

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▪ Jeffery1938: »It is found only in the pl. ḫiyām ‎in an early Meccan description of Paradise, where we are told that the Houries are maqṣūrāt fī ‘l-‎ḫiyām ‘kept close in pavilions’. – The word is obviously not Ar, and Fraenkel, Fremdw, 30, ‎though admitting that he was not certain of its origin, suggested that it came to the Arabs from ‎Abyssinia.¹ Eth [Gz] ḫaymat means ‘tentorium’, ‘tabernaculum’ (Dillmann, ‎‎Lex, 610), and translates both the Hbr אהל‏ and Grk skēnḗ. Vollers, however, in ZDMG, ‎‎1, 631, is not willing to accept this theory of Abyssinian derivation,² and thinks we must look to ‎Persia or NAfrica for its origin. The Pers ḫaymat, ḫiyam and ḫiyām, however, are direct ‎borrowings from the Ar³ and not formations from the root ‎‎√ḪMY meaning ‘curvature’. – We find the word not infrequently in the early poetry, and so it ‎must have been an early borrowing, probably from the same source as the Eth ḫaymat.«

▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2058: The common Sem ancestor is to be ‎reconstructed as *ḫaym‑ ‘tent; hut, cabin’. The cognates in Berb, ‎Eg, and ECh make the ‎authors suggest a common etymon in AfrAs *q̇am‑ / *q̇ayam‑ ‘tent, house’.

1. In SAr we have ḫym, which is said to mean domus modesta (Rossini, ‎‎Glossarium, 155). 2. “ḫayma Zelt ist mir ‎verdächtig, ohne dass ich mit Sicherheit die fremde Urform angeben kann. Die Erklärung schwankt ‎in den Einzelheiten: ursprünglich primitivste Behausung scheint es allmählich mit bayt Zelt ‎gleichbedeutend geworden zu sein. Dass es durch äth. ḫaymat als echt semitisch erwiesen wird, ‎kann ich Fränkel nicht zugeben, denn viele Entlehnungen sind auf den Süden beschränkt ‎geblieben. Man muss an Persien oder Nordostafrika denken.” 3. Vullers, Lex. Pers, i, 776.

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► ḫayyama, vb. II, ‎to pitch one's tent, to camp; to settle down; to stay, linger, rest, lie down, lie; (fig.) to reign (e.g., ‎calm, silence, peace, etc.), settle: denominative.
► taḫayyama, vb. V, to pitch one's tent; to camp: denominative.

► ḫayyām, n., tentmaker: n.prof.
► ^BP#1249 muḫayyam, pl. ‑āt, n., camping ground, camp, ‎encampment: n.loc. II.

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