Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1 to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree); 2 to turn, lathe, shape with a lathe (‑h wood, metal); – 3 u (EgAr) to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie; – 4 u (EgAr) a to cut into small pieces; b to mince, chop, dice (meat, carrots, etc.) – WehrCowan1976

conc

▪ [v1] : ḫaraṭa in the sense of ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ may have preserved the Sem etymon *ḪRṬ ‘to pull\scrape off, strip’ rather faithfully. As can be seen from what DRS regards as cognates of the Ar items (DRS #ḪRṬ-1, see below, section COGN), there is considerable semantic diversity within this group across Sem, so that it is difficult to decide which of the values should be more original than others; but the Ar value is certainly a good candidate (see below, section DISC).
▪ [v2] ‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’ is widespread in Ar and seems to have itself formed the basis for further semantic development (see [v3] and [v4]). Despite its obvious old age, however, this development seems to have remained an Ar ideosyncrasy, a special use of the original *‘scraping, stripping’, i.e., [v1].
▪ [v3] ‘to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie’ is prob. the result of fig. use of [v2], where the fabrication of lies etc. is compared to ‘turning, shaping s.th. with a lathe’. According to WehrCowan1976, this semantic development is specific to EgAr; in DRS, however, the value is marked as SyrAr and EAr. Or should one compare Copt šōrt ‘to confuse; to be mentally confused, crazy, obsessed’? The latter is prob. fig. use, from Copt šort, šoort, šart ‘veil, cover’ (< Eg ḫrd ‘bundle of linen’) – Westendorf2008.¹
▪ [v4] : The meaning ‘to cut into small pieces, mince, chop, dice (meat, carrots, etc.)’ of ḫaraṭa could be a specialisation based on either [v1] ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ or [v2] ‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’. However, given the fact that the semantic relation between these and ‘to cut, mince, chop’ is not self-evident, it is perh. safer, for the moment, to keep the value apart.
▪ [gnrl] : For historically attested values that clearly are akin to those of the present entry, see below, section HIST. For other (possibly related) values, see section DISC.
▪ [gnrl] : A relation of vb. VII, ↗ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to join, enter, affiliate with, penetrate, plunge headlong into, embark rashly upon’ and any of the other values of ḫaraṭa may exist, but is hard to establish. If ĭnḫaraṭa has somehow developed from [v1] ‘to strip/peel off (bark, etc.)’, the line of derivation may be imagined as *‘to get quickly rid of the bark, etc. (for so to be free to go over to s.th. else and) > plunge into, embark rashly upon’. But this is rather speculative. DRS does not list ĭnḫaraṭa. Interestingly enough, however, Klein1987 establishes a similar, distinct value for postBiblHbr hiṯḥārēṭ ‘to repent, regret’ (from a homonymous root ²ḤRṬ) and puts Ar ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to do ignorantly’ (sic!) alongside with it.
▪ [gnrl] : ^†ḫarīṭaẗ ‘receptable, pouch, purse (of leather, rag, etc.)’ (↗^†ḪRṬ_9) seems to be a quasi-PP I describing, originally, *‘scraped off’ leather, hence also bags or other receptables made thereof. – For confusion and semantic merger ḫarīṭaẗ ~ ḫāriṭaẗ ‘map, chart’ (prob. from It c(h)arta), see ↗ḫāriṭaẗ.
▪ [gnrl] : No obvious semantic relation with other items from same root, √ḪRṬ. SyrAr ↗ḫarrāṭaẗ ‘skirt’ is perh. *‘(the garment that is) easy to strip off’ (in which case it would be derived from [v1]). The value is not mentioned in DRS. |
▪ [gnrl] : The etymology of ^†ḫaraṭ ‘coagulation of the milk in the udder’ (↗^†ḪRṬ_8) and related items² is obscure. DRS lists it as a distinct value (#ḪRṬ-4), but without cognates in other Sem languages.
▪ [gnrl] : For the rare vb. XIII, ^†ĭḫrawwaṭa, and its various meanings, cf. ↗^†ḪRṬ_10-11.

1. See also ↗ḫarrāṭaẗ ‘skirt’ for Akk ḫurdatu as a poss. etymon. 2. Denom. (?) ^†ḫariṭa (a, ḫaraṭ) and ^†ʔaḫraṭa (IV) ‘to have a disease of the udder (sheep)’, ^†muḫriṭ (pl. maḫārīṭᵘ) ‘suffering from ^†ḫaraṭ’.

hist

▪ Hava1899 lists some more historically attested values that shed more light on the semantics in question here:

To [v1] we may put : ^†ḫaraṭa (u, i; ḫarṭ) ‘to beat off (the leaves of a tree); to pick (grapes with the hand)’ ; ^†ḫaraṭa (I) and ^†ḫarraṭa (II) ‘to purge s.o. (medicine)’ (< * ‘to make s.o. get rid of unwanted food, etc.’), hence also ^†ĭnḫaraṭa (VII) ‘to be slender (body)’ ; ^†ĭḫtaraṭa (VIII) ‘to unsheathe (a sword)’ ; the adj. ^†ḫarūṭ (pl. ḫurṭ) for ‘restive (animal)’ is obviously fig. use, likening an obstinate animal to a twig that resists being stripped of its leaves or bark.

Ad [v2] : ^†ḫurāṭaẗ ‘parings falling from a lathe’

Ad [v3] : ^†ḫaraṭa ‘to brag; to crack a joke’, (?) ^†ḫarūṭ (pl. ḫurṭ) ‘blunderer; humbug’

cogn

▪ Klein1987, DelOlmoLete2003, DRS #ḪRṬ-1 Akk ḫarāṭu ‘to eat, devour (leaves, etc.)’,¹ Ug ḫrṭ ‘plumer (Tropper2008 : ‘Federn rupfen’) | to pull out, pull up, pluck’, Hbr ḥᵆrät ‘stylet pour écrire, graver | graving tool, stylus’, modHbr ‘pen, pencil’, postBiblHbr ḥāraṭ ‘to chisel, engrave’, modHbr ‘to etch, turn’, Syr ḥᵃrat ‘entailler, inciser, couper, déchirer | to cut, scratch, tear’, Ar ḫaraṭa ‘enlever l’écorce, effeuiller un arbre; tourner, façonner au tour; atterrer, ruiner, affliger’, SyrAr EAr ḫaraṭ ‘fabriquer des mensonges; trancher, frapper’, ḫaraṭ, ḫawraṭ ‘emporter la terre (eau de ravinement)’, MġrAr ḫarəṭ ‘raviner; bâcler; racler, raboter’, ? ḫarreṭ ‘faire peur, causer de la frayeur’; ttəḫrəṭ ‘se détourner pour dégainer son arme’, Sab ḫrṭ ‘saisir vivement, dégainer’, Soq ḥeroṭ ‘dégainer; cueillir’, Jib ḫaroṭ ‘dépouiller une branche de feuilles et de fruits’. Les verbes SAr et leurs formes dérivées ont aussi des sens figurés : ‘se disputer, injurier, insulter’.² – Voir aussi ḪRT. -2-4 [...].
▪ ...

1. von Soden, AHW: ‘abfressen (wie Heuschrecken)’; item not listed in CAD ! 2. (Engl) #ḪRṬ-1 Akk ḫarāṭu ‘to eat, devour (leaves, etc.)’ (von Soden, AHW: ‘abfressen (wie Heuschrecken)’; item not listed in CAD !), Ug ḫrṭ ‘to pluck (?)’, Hbr ḥärät ‘stylus to write, engrave’, Syr ḥᵃrat ‘to nick, incise, cut, tear’, Ar ḫaraṭa ‘to remove bark, strip a tree; turning, lathing; to land, ruin, afflict’, SyrAr ḫaraṭ ‘to fabricate lies; to sever, strike’, ḫaraṭ, ḫawraṭ ‘to carry away the earth (gully water)’, MġrAr ḫarəṭ ‘to gully; to rush; to scrape, plane’, ? ḫarreṭ ‘to frighten, cause fear’; ttəḫrəṭ ‘to turn away to draw one’s weapon’, Sab ḫrṭ ‘to grab hold, draw’, Soq ḥeroṭ ‘to draw; to pluck’, Jib ḫaroṭ ‘stripping a branch of leaves and fruit’. SAr verbs and their derived forms also have fig. meanings: ‘to dispute, insult’.

disc

▪ The reconstruction of Sem *ḪRṬ ‘to pull\scrape off, strip’ can be based on Akk ḫarāṭu ‘to eat, devour (leaves, etc.) | (von Soden, AHW:) abfressen (wie Heuschrecken), i.e., eat away, gnaw off (like locusts)’, Ar ḫaraṭa ‘to remove (bark), strip (a tree)’, MġrAr ḫarəṭ ‘to scrape, plane’, Soq ḥeroṭ ‘to draw; to pluck’, perh. also Ug ḫrṭ ‘to pluck (geese, etc.)’; Jib ḫaroṭ ‘stripping a branch of leaves and fruit’ may be an Arabism. (In Hbr and Syr, the general meaning is rather *‘to incise, cut, engrave’.)
▪ ...

west

–

deriv

►EgAr ḫarraṭ, vb. II, to cut into small pieces, mince, chop: D-stem, ints. (cf. ⁴ḫaraṭa)
►ĭnḫaraṭa, vb. VII, 1 to be turned, be lathed, be shaped with a lathe; 2-3 ↗s.v.: N-stem, pass. (< ²ḫaraṭa)

►ḫarṭ, n., 1 pulling-off (of leaves) | dūna ḏālika ḫarṭ al-qatād, expr., before one can do that, one must strip the tragacanth of its leaves, i.e., accomplish the impossible; 2 turning, turnery : vn. I of ¹ḫaraṭa and ²ḫaraṭa, respectively.
►ḫarrāṭ, n., pl. ‑ūn, 1 turner, lather; 2 (EgAr) braggart, bluffer, storyteller: ¹n.prof., ²fig. use (?) (both < ²ḫaraṭa)
►ḫirāṭaẗ, n.f., turner’s trade, turnery, art of turning: vn. I (²ḫaraṭa)
►ḫarrāṭaẗ, n.f., 1 ↗s.v.; – 2 (EgAr) chopping knife, mincing knife, mezzaluna: ²ints-formation, quasi-n.instr. (⁴ḫaraṭa)
►miḫraṭaẗ, n.f., pl. maḫāriṯᵘ, lathe: n.instr. (²ḫaraṭa)
►maḫrūṭ, 1a n., cone (math.); b adj., conic: PP I (< ²ḫaraṭa)
►maḫrūṭī, adj., conic : nsb-formation of preceding

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗(SyrAr) ḫarrāṭaẗ, ↗ḫāriṭaẗ and also ↗ḫarṭīṭ, as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗ḪRṬ and ↗ḪRṬṬ.

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