Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1a talking, speaking; b speech; c language, mode of expression, style; 2a talk, conversation, discussion; b debate, dispute, controversy; 3a words, word, saying, utterance, statement, remark; b aphorism, maxim, phrase, idiom, figure of speech; c (gram.) sentence, clause – WehrCowan1979.

conc

▪ Etymologically, Ar kalām belongs to the SSem theme ‘speech, utterance, to speak’ (see ↗kalimaẗ, ↗KLM). A relation to (ESem) Akk kullumu ‘to show, indicate, point out’ and/or Hbr Aram ‘to humiliate’, and with this also to Ar ↗kalm ‘wound’, is not impossible, but difficult to prove; see DISC s.v. ↗KLM.
▪ kalām ‘speech’ »is defined by the grammarians as such utterance (↗lafẓ) with the voice as is compound (murakkab), not single words, and which conveys a meaning by convention, not nature (waḍʕ, not ṭabʕ; as in exclamations; θέσις not φύσις). So the ʔĀǧurrūmiyyaẗ; the Mufaṣṣal (§ 1) says it must be a complete sentence, however simple, and Ibn ʕAqīl (Šarḥ al-ʔAlfiyyaẗ) distinguishes in detail between it and kalim (a compound of three or more words, not necessarily giving a complete sense) and ↗kalimaẗ (a single word with a meaning by convention) and ↗qawl which covers them all.« – D.B. Macdonald, in EI¹.
▪ »[kalām ], in the sense of kalām Allāh ‘the Word of God’, must […] be distinguished from 1) kalām meaning ʕilm al-kalām ‘defensive apologetics’, or ‘the science of discourse’ (on God); and 2) ↗kalimaẗ which, in the expression kalimaẗ Allāh, means ‘a’ (single) divine utterance.« – L. Gardet, in EI².

hist

▪ eC7 1 (speech, talk, utterance, spoken words) Q 2:75 wa-qad kāna farīqun min-hum yasmaʕūna kalāma ’llāhi ṯumma yuḥarrifūna-hū min baʕdi mā ʕaqalū-hu ‘when a group of them used to hear the words of God and then pervert them, [even] after they had understood them’; 2 (the act of speaking) Q 7:144 qāla yā Mūsā ʔin-nī ’ṣṭafaytu-ka ʕalā ’l-nāsi bi-risālāt-ī wa-bi-kalām-ī ‘He said, “Moses, I have chosen you over the people by [giving you] My messages and by my speaking [to you]”’

cogn

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#KLM -1 Akk kullumu ‘montrer, indiquer’, Hbr hiklīm ‘importuner (une femme), insulter par des propos; faire honte’, niklam ‘avoir honte de’, kᵉlimmāh ‘injure, outrage’, JP ʔaklem ‘faire honte, humilier’, Ar kalama ‘blesser’, kalm ‘blessure’. -2 […] -3 Ar kallama ‘parler à, adresser la parole à’, kalmaẗ, kilmaẗ, kalimaẗ ‘mot, parole’, kalām ‘discours, langage’, Sab klm ‘mot, discours, message’, Te kälam ¹ ‘discours, voix’.
▪ Zammit2002: Ar kallama ‘to speak to or with’, SAr klm ‘word, speech, message, utterance’, Gz kēlamāṭē ‘language’²

1. Probably from Ar kalām. 2. Zammit: From Ar?

disc

▪ See section CONC above.

west

–

deriv

► bi’l-kalām, adv., orally, verbally
► fataḥa fama-hū bi’l-kalām, vb. I, to open one’s mouth in order to say s.th., prepare to say s.th.
► kalām fāriġ, n., idle talk, prattle, poppycock, bosh, nonsense
► ṭarīqaẗ al-kalām, n.f., manner of speaking, diction
► ʕilm al-kalām, scholastic theology (Isl.)
► kaṯīr al-kalām, adj., talkative, loquaoious, garrulous
► luġat al-kalām, n.f., colloquial language, everyday speech

► ^BP#2986kallama, vb. II, to address (s.o.), speak, talk (DO to or with s.o.): denom. (from kalām or ↗kalimaẗ).
► kālama, vb. III, to speak, talk, converse (DO with s.o.): associative.
^BP#926takallama, vb. V, to speak, talk (maʕa with or to s.o., ʕan or ʕalà about, of); to utter, express, voice, say (bi‑ or DO s.th.) : denom. (from kalām or ↗kalimaẗ).

► kalāmī, adj., 1 of or pertaining to speech or words, speech-, word (in compounds), verbal; spoken, oral; 2 scholastic, theological: nsb-adj., from kalām | mušāddaẗ (or maʕrakaẗ) kalāmiyyaẗ, n.f., battle of words, dispute, altercation.
► kalmānī, kalamānī, killimānī, adj., eloquent; n., fluent speaker: ints. adj.
► tiklām, tikillām, tiklāmaẗ, adj., eloquent; n., good talker, conversationalist; adj., talkative, loquacious, garrulous:…
► ^BP#2226mukālamaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., talk, conversation, discussion: vn. III | ~ tilīfūniyyaẗ, n.f., telephone conversation.
► takallum, n., speaking; talk, conversation; speech: vn. V.
► mutakallim, 1 adj., speaking (act. part.); 2 n., speaker, spokesman; 3 first person (gram.): PA V; 4 Muslim theologian, scholastic: denom., from kalām.

For other items of the root cf. ↗KLM, ↗kalimaẗ, ↗kalm, ↗kalīm.

Permanent link

http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=record&uid=da3f33a9-06ff-11ee-937a-005056a97067

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages

Choose display