Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *śrb ‘to sip, absorb’. – The basic verb for ‘drinking’ in protSem, *šty, has left no trace in Ar.
▪ … protSem *śrb (or *śrṗ) ‘to sip, absorb, drink’.

hist

▪ eC7 šariba Q 56:68 ʔa-fa-raʔaytum-u ’l-māʔa ’llaḏī tašrabūna ‘do you see the water that you drink?’. – šarāb (drink) Q 16:69 yaḫruǧu min buṭūni-hā šarābun muḫtalifun ʔalwānu-hū fī-hi šifāʔun lil-nāsi ‘from their bellies comes a drink of diverse hues, wherein is healing for mankind’; (the act of drinking) 35:12 hāḏā ʕaḏbun furātun sāʔiġun šarābu-hū ‘this [body of water] is sweet, agreeable for drinking’. – mašrab (drinking place) Q 7:160 qad ʕalima kullu ʔunāsin mašraba-hum ‘each tribe knew their drinking-place’, (drinking place; source of drinking, drinks) 36:73 wa-la-hum fī-hā manāfiʕu wa-mašāribu ‘in them there are benefits for them and (diverse) drinks (or, source of drinking)’

cogn

▪ Zammit2002, Kogan2011: Akk sarāpu, pBiblHbr śrp, Syr srp, Gz śrb ‘to sip, absorb, swallow’, Ar šrb ‘to drink’.
▪ Militarev&Kogan SED-I, cxiii:¹ Akk sarāpu ‘to suck, imbibe’ (with s‑ instead of š‑), pBiblHbr śrp ‘to absorb, quaff, sip, suck’, JudAram srp id., Syr srp ‘suxit, sorbsit’, Mand srp ‘to swallow; gulp down’ ~ Ar šrb ‘to drink’, Gz śaraba, saraba ‘to drink, drink up, absorb, sip’, saraṗa ‘to celebrate Mass, bless an object, sip’ (»the sipping of the blessed wine being a part of the Mass«), Te šärbä ‘to devour, suck up’, Amh särräbä ‘to draw up, to suck up water’.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#2223: mHbr √śrp (= √srp) ‘to suck, imbibe, drink’, JudAram √śrp (= √srp) ‘einschlürfen, Flüssigkeit an sich ziehen’, JudEAram √śrp (= √srp) ‘to gulp down, consume, quaff’, Syr √srp ‘to sup up, swallow up, absorb’, sarbā ‘syrop’, Mand √srp ‘to swallow, gulp down’, Ar √šrb ‘to drink, suck’, Gz √śrb ‘to drink, absorb, sip’; cf. also Ar (< Aram) √srf ‘donner trop de lait à son enfant, le nourrir de lait à l’excès’, Akk (< Aram) sarāpu ‘to sip’. – Outside Sem: [IE] (in addition to Arm and Alb forms) Grk 1sg rhoph-éō, rhyph-éō ‘to sup greedily, gulp down’; oChSl inf. srъbati, Ru inf. serbat’, Cz inf. střebati, Pol inf. sarbać, serbać ‘to sup’; mHG sür(p)feln, Swed sörpla ‘to sip’, as well as nHG schlürfen ‘to sip; to eat/drink noisily’, Engl slurp ‘to eat greedily, noisily’² .)
▪ While most sources juxtapose NSem *ŚRP and Ar ŠRB, Klein1987 thinks that the Ar root corresponding to Hbr *ŚRP is (with metathesis) Ar RŠF ‘to suck, sip, drink’ (↗rašafa).

1. discussing ṗ hypothesis. 2. nHG, Engl: ‑l‑ due to infl. of Germ root represented in nHG inf. schlucken ‘to swallow’.

disc

▪ Huehnergard2011, Kogan2011: from Sem *śrb ‘to sip, to absorb’.
▪ Militarev&Kogan SED-I, cxiii:¹ From Sem *śrṗ ‘to sip, absorb, drink’.
▪ Ehret1989: Ar šariba ‘to drink’ is an extension in extendative *‑b from a 2-consonantal pre-pSem root *ɬr ‘to take a bite, take a sip’. For other extensions from the same base, cf. ↗šarisa ‘to be vicious, malicious, etc.’ (Ehret: *šaras, vn., ‘to devour’), ↗šariqa ‘to swallow the wrong way’, ↗šariha ‘to be greedy for food or drink, eat or drink greedily’.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#2223: Sem *śrb ‘to drink’ (and, among others, IE *serbʰ‑ / *sorbʰ‑ /*sr̥bʰ‑ ‘to sip, sup, drink’), from Nostr *ś˹o˺rub˅ ‘to drink, gulp, sup, suck’. – The devoicing *b > p in Aram (> mHbr, Akk, Ar) (just as other cases of the variation *b ~*p in Sem) is still to be explained.
▪ Klein1987 points to the fact that NSem *ŚRP has its counterpart in (with metathesis) Ar RŠF ‘to suck, sip, drink’ (↗rašafa), with regular Sem *p > Ar f. So it is not (as Dolgopolsky has it) a devoicing of Sem *b > Aram p that has to be explained, but rather the ‑b in Ar √šrb from Sem *‑p in *√śrp. (This is the reason why some, as Militarev&Kogan, above, assume Sem *śrṗ rather than *śrb).

1. discussing ṗ hypothesis.

west

▪ Engl sherbet, c1600, zerbet, ‘drink made from diluted fruit juice and sugar’, and cooled with fresh snow when possible, from Tu şerbet,¹ from Pers šarbat, from Ar šarbaẗ ‘a drink’ – EtymOnline.
▪ Engl shrub, from Ar šurb ‘a drinking, drink’ – Huehnergard2011.
▪ Engl sorbet, 1580 s, ‘cooling drink of fruit juice and water’, from Fr sorbet (C16), probably from Ital sorbetto, from Tu şerbet, etc. (see sherbet, above). Perhaps influenced in form by Ital sorbire ‘to sip’. Meaning ‘semi-liquid water ice as a dessert’ first recorded 1864 – EtymOnline.
▪ Engl syrup (formerly also sirup, sirop), lC14, ‘thick, sweet liquid’, from oFr sirop ‘sugared drink’ (C13), and perhaps from Ital siroppo, both from Ar šarāb ‘beverage, wine’. Span jarabe, jarope, and oProv eissarop are directly from Ar; Ital sciroppo is via mLat sirupus – EtymOnline.
▪ Klein1987 connects Engl serpent ‘limbless reptile’ (c1300), the tempter in Gen. iii:1-5, to the lHbr śārap̄ that is usually seen as cognate to Ar šariba. In other etymological dictionaries of Engl, however, incl. Klein’s own CEDEL, this connection is not mentioned. Rather, serpent is traced back, via oFr serpent, serpant, to Lat serpēns, lit. ‘creeping’, from Lat serpere ‘to creep’, cognate to Grk hérpein ‘to creep’, herpetón ‘serpent’ (cf. Engl herpes), oInd sárpati ‘he creeps’, sarpáḥ ‘serpent’, from IE *serp‑ ‘to crawl, creep’ – EtymOnline.

1. According to Nişanyan first attested in ʕĀşık Paşa, Ġarīb-nāme, 1330.

deriv

► šariba ’l-duḫān, vb., to smoke.
► šariba sīgāraẗ etc., to smoke a cigarette etc.

► šarraba, vb. II, to give to drink, make or let drink; to drench, soak, saturate, impregnate; to inculcate, imbue: D-stem, caus.
► šāraba, vb. III, to drink in s.o.’s company, have a drink with s.o.: L-stem, associative.
► ʔašraba, vb. IV, to give to drink, make or let drink; to drench, soak, saturate, impregnate; to inculcate, imbue; ʔušriba, vb. pass., to be or become full, be filled, imbued, infused, be dominated, permeated: Š-stem, caus.
► tašarraba, vb. V, to soak up, absorb, imbibe; to be permeated, imbued, infused (bi with s.th.); to be full, be filled, replete (bi with): tD-stem, intr.
► ĭšraʔabba, 1 to stretch one’s neck in order to see (li‑ or ʔilà s.th.), crane one’s neck (li‑ or ʔilà for); 2 to carry one’s head high (out of vanity); to leer (ʔilà at): sometimes interpreted as a var. of form XI, ĭšrābba, and therefore connected to šariba; cf., however, ↗s.v.

► ^BP#2369šurb, n., drinking, drink; absorption: vn. I.
► šarbaẗ, n.f., 1 drink; sip, draught, swallow: n.vic. – 2 dose, potion (of a medicine); 3 laxative, purgative, aperient: specialisations of [v1].
► šurbaẗ, n.f., 1 drink; sip, draught, swallow: n.vic. – 2 dose, potion (of a medicine): specialisation of [v1]. – 3 see ↗šūrbaẗ.
► ^BP#3442šarāb, pl. ʔašribaẗ, n., 1 beverage, drink; 2 wine; 3 fruit juice, fruit syrup, sherbet: quasi-PP I.
► šarrāb, n., drunkard, heavy drinker: ints. formation.
► šarīb, adj., drinkable, potable: quasi-PP I.
► šarrābaẗ, var. šurrābaẗ, pl. šarārībᵘ, n., tassel, tuft, bob: similar idea (‘to hang down’) as in ↗šārib ‘moustache’, which may also be related to ↗ĭšraʔabba (ŠRB_2 and ŠRB_3, respectively, both s.v. ↗ŠRB); cf. also adj. ^†šurbub(b) ‘tangled and dense, one part above another (herbage)’ (ŠRB_13 s.v. ↗ŠRB). | ~ al-rāʕī, n., (European) holly (Ilex aquifolium; bot.).
► širrīb, n., drunkard, heavy drinker: ints. formation.
► mašrab, n., 1 drink (as opposed to food): vn., meaning transfer from action to object of drinking. – 2 (pl. mašāribᵘ) drinking place, water hole, drinking trough, drinking fountain; restaurant, bar: n.loc. – 3 inclination, taste; movement, school (e.g., in philosophy): fig. use (similar to ↗maḏhab; cf. also ^†šarabbaẗ, n., way, mode, or manner of being, or acting etc., = ŠRB_12 s.v. ↗ŠRB).
► mašrabaẗ, pl. mašāribᵘ, n., 1 drinking place, water hole, drinking trough, drinking fountain: n.loc. – 2 = mašrabiyyaẗ, [v1] (see below).
► mašrabiyyaẗ, var. mušrabiyyaẗ, n., 1 moucharaby, projecting oriel window with a wooden latticework enclosure; wooden oriel; attic room: nisba formation, lit. most probably *‘(the oriel) pertaining to the mašrab(aẗ), i.e., to the drinking place, more specifically, the room on an upper floor where drinks are served’; perhaps contaminated, or overlapping, with mašrafiyyaẗ (from mašraf ‘elevated site’, ↗ŠRF, ↗šurfaẗ ‘balcony’ ); or from the earthen jars, likewise called mašrabiyyaẗ (see [v2]), that were put on an small external platforms projecting from the oriels in order to cool; or perhaps from a tech. term used in carpentry for ‘to plane (wood)’ (EgAr šarrab, vb. II, cf. ŠRB_15 s.v. ↗ŠRB), after the turned wooden latticework that is a characteristic arch. feature of the oriels; but the EgAr vb. may also be denom., called after the latticework used in the decoration of oriels. – 2 a kind of drinking vessel: nominalized nsb-adj., lit., ‘the one from which to drink, pertaining to drinking’; vase, pot for flowers: extended meaning of the former.
► tašrīb, n., absorption, soaking up, imbibing: vn. II.
► šārib, pl. -ūn, šarb, šurūb, n., 1 drinking; drinker: PA I. – 2 (pl. šawāribᵘ) mustache, frequently dual: šāribān : usually regarded as derivation from šariba ‘to drink’ in the sense of *‘the (co-)drinker(s), the two hairy parts through which water etc. is imbibed’ or (Gabal2012:) *‘hair that flows down into the mouth’; given the old value, mentioned by Dozy, of ^†‘lip, upper lip’ (lit., the drinking one), the value ‘moustache’ may also be the result of a transfer of meaning from the lip to the hair on it; there is, however, also some semantic affinity with šarrābaẗ (see above), a moustache hanging down from the lip like a ‘tassel, tuft, bob’ (which may be related to ↗ĭšraʔabba = ŠRB_2 in disambiguation entry ↗ŠRB); cf. also the obsol. adj. ^†šurbub(b) ‘tangled and dense, one part above another (herbage)’ (^†ŠRB_13 s.v. ↗ŠRB).
► ^BP#4894mašrūb, pl. ‑āt, drink, beverage: nominalized PP I. | ~āt rūḥiyyaẗ, n.pl., alcoholic beverages, liquors.

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