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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḏabaḥ‑ ذبح , a (ḏabḥ)
meta
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḎBḤ
gram
vb., I
engl
to kill (by slitting the throat); to slaughter, butcher; to massacre; to murder, slay; to sacrifice, offer up, immolate (an animal) – WehrCowan1979.
conc
▪ Militarev/Stolbova suggest that the word derives from Sem *ḏ˅b˅ḥ‑ ‘to slaughter; to sacrifice’, from AfrAs *ǯ˅b˅ḥ‑ ‘to make a sacrifice’.
hist
▪ eC7 The Koran has both the vb. I ḏabaḥa ‘to slay’ (2:21 la-ʔuʕaḏḏibanna-hū ʕaḏāban šadīdan ʔaw la-ʔaḏbaḥanna-hū), ‘to ritually sacrifice’ (2:67 ʔinna ’ḷḷāha yaʔmuru-kum ʔan taḏbaḥū baqaratan), the vb. II ḏabbaḥa ‘to be in the habit of slaughtering, to slaughter in number’ (28:4 yastaḍʕifu ṭāʔifatan min-hum yuḏabbiḥu ʔabnāʔa-hum wa-yastaḥyī nisāʔa-hum), and the n. ḏibḥ ‘animal earmarked or fit to be sacrificed, a sacrificial animal’ (37:107 wa-faday-nā-hu bi-ḏibḥin ʕaẓīmin).
▪ Attestations in Polosin 1995 (ḏabaḥa, ḏābiḥ) do not alter the picture.
cogn
▪ Bergsträsser1928 (for Ar ḏibḥ): Akk zību, Hbr zéḇaḥ, Aram deḇḥā, Gz zebḥ ‘sacrifice (n.)'
▪ DRS 4 (1993): Akk zebū, Ug dbḥ, Hbr zābaḥ, Pun zbḥ, BiblSyr dᵉbaḥ, Mand dba, SAr ḏbḥ, Gz zabḥa ‘égorger, immoler’, Te zabḥa ‘dépouiller, écorcher (une vache)’. – Akk zib ‘(offrande alimentaire)’, Ug dbḥ, Hbr zebaḥ, EmpAram dbḥ, JP dibḥā, Syr debḥā, Ar ḏibḥ ‘sacrifice sanglant’, SAr ḏbḥ, Gz zebḥ ‘victime sacrificielle’; – Ug mdbḥt, Pun mdbḥ, Hbr mizbēᵃḥ, EmpAram mdbḥ, Syr madbəḥā, Ar maḏbaḥ, SAr mḏbḥt ‘autel à sacrifies’; Mand madbha, madba ‘sanctuaire’; – Ar ḏibḥaẗ, ḏubḥaẗ ‘douleur à la gorge, angine’.
▪ In addition to the Sem cognates (given as in DRS), Militarev/Stolbova 2007 #1246 mention (EChad) Bidiya ziib ‘to make a sacrifice before eating the new corn’, and (LECush) Som dabaaḥ ‘to slaughter’, ? Eg dbḥ ‘to beg for, request’ (dbḥt-ḥtp ‘the requisite offerings, full menu of offerings’).
disc
▪ DRS 4 (1993) mentions that Cohen1969 »rapproche un certain nombre de racines cham.-sém. dont la constitution phonique présente des analogies avec celle de ḏbḥ signifiant ‘tuer, abattre, etc.’«, but adds, rightly, that none of these show »correspondances rigoureuses«—they are too far-fetched.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007 #1246 reconstruct Sem *ḏ˅b˅ḥ‑ ‘to slaughter; to sacrifice’, EChad *ʒiHib‑ (metath.) ‘to make a sacrifice before eating the new corn’, LECush *ǯabaḥ‑ ‘to slaughter’, all from AfrAs *ǯ˅b˅ḥ‑ ‘to make a sacrifice’.
▪ For ḏibḥaẗ / ḏubḥaẗ ‘angina; diphtheria’ beloning, or not belonging, to ḏabaḥa, cf. DISC in ↗ḎBḤ.
west
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deriv
► ḏabbaḥa, vb. II, to kill, slaughter, butcher, massacre, murder: ints.

► ḏabḥ, n., slaughtering, slaughter: vn. I.
► ḏibḥ, n., sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice:.
► ḏibḥaẗ, var. ḏubḥaẗ, n.f., angina (med.); diphtheria: probably related to the complex of ‘slaughtering’ via the idea of ‘cutting the throat’. | ḏ. ṣadriyyaẗ / fuʔādiyyaẗ, n., angina pectoris (med.).
► ḏabbāḥ, adj., slaughtering, killing, murdering: ints.; n., slaughterer, butcher: n.prof.
► ḏabīḥ, adj., slaughtered : quasi-PP.
► ḏabīḥaẗ, pl. ḏabāʔiḥᵘ, n., slaughter animal; sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice: f. of quasi-PP; sacrifice, immolation; offering, oblation: transferred from the object to the act of sacrificing.
► maḏbaḥ, pl. madābiḥᵘ, n., slaughterhouse; altar (Chr.): n.loc.
► maḏbaḥaẗ, n.f., massacre, slaughter, carnage, butchery: n.loc.f.

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