Bibliotheca Polyglotta

From Sem *p˅ʔ˅d‑ ‘heart’, from AfrAs *puʔ˅d‑ ‘heart’ ? Both reconstructions are based on little evidence and therefore far from being secured. It is safer to assume that the ancestor of the Ar (and Ug) word did not form part of the comSem vocabulary – cf. Sivkov2015.

hist

▪ eC7 1 (heart) Q 14:37 fa-’ǧʕal ʔafʔidaẗan min-a ’l-nāsi tahwī ʔilay-him ‘so make hearts of humankind turn to them’, 11:120 nuṯabbitu bi-hī fuʔāda-ka ‘with which We make your heart firm’. – 2 (mind, intellect, power of discernment) Q 16:78 wa-ǧaʕala lakum-u ’l-samʕa wa’l-ʔabṣāra wa’l-ʔafʔidata laʕalla-kum taškurūna ‘and He gave you hearing and sight and minds (lit. hearts) so that you might be thankful’. – 3 (innermost secrets, in an interpretation of verse 104:7).
▪ In ClassAr, fuʔād is the source of a number of derivatives, both n.s and vb.s, with the shared metaphorical values ‘pulsation, commotion; ardor, eagerness, passion; fire; burning, blazing, flaming; baking, roasting’. It also constitutes a group of idioms that metaphorically denote such notions as ‘mind (intellect); emotional condition’ – Sivkov2015.
▪ Semantic shift v1 ‘heart’ > v2 ‘mind, intellect’ by metaphoric extension (heart = seat of mind and intellect) – Sivkov2014: 19.

cogn

▪ Ug pʔid ‘heart’ > ‘feeling, emotion, goodness’ (Ug written in the syllabic tradition: the element /pi?du / in personal names); in the divine epithet il d_pid ‘divine name, the dear, kind-hearted’.
▪ Militarev2006 (in StarLing) : Cognates outside Sem, in some WCh (pǝ̀tūup, tūhūp, tūup, pùut, pùtuɣup, put ‘heart’) and ECh langs (pədəpədə, podpod, pət-pət ‘lungs’) as well as in Afar afʕad ‘heart’.
▪ …

disc

▪ Militarev2006 (in StarLing) reconstructs (on the basis of the Ug and Ar evidence) Sem *p˅ʔ˅d‑ ‘heart’. From the words for ‘heart’ and ‘lungs’ in some WCh and ECh idioms, the author further reconstructs WCh *puHud‑ ‘heart’ and ECh *H˅-p˅d(p˅d)‑ ‘lungs’. Taking together the Sem, Ch and Afar forms, AfrAs *puʔ˅d‑ ‘heart’ is assumed as the origin of all these forms, not however without an explicit ‘(?)’ after it.
▪ Given the fact that Ar fuʔād has only one cognate (in Ug), it seems that the item does not belong to the comSem vocabulary and a reconstruction like Militarev’s Sem *p˅ʔ˅d‑ ‘heart’ has to be met with caution. Even weaker is the assumption, tentatively made by the same author, of an AfrAs etymon *puʔ˅d‑ ‘heart’.
▪ BAH2008 give the variety of the root’s meanings in ClassAr as: ‘oven, to roast meat, to bake on an open fire or in an oven, raging core of an oven; throbbing of the heart’. – Are the two values connected?
▪ While BAH2008 hold that, »[u]nlike the word ↗qalb, the word fuʔād is not used as ‘heart’ in either Q or Ar in general to refer to the actual organ, but rather to the faculty of thought, power of discernment and human emotion«, Sivkov2015 thinks that »fuʔād is absolute synonymous to ↗qalb despite the fact that almost all ClassAr lexicographers suppose certain semantic inconsistencies between them.«
▪ …

west

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deriv

► fuʔādiyyaẗ, n.f., “Fuad cap” (formerly, summer field-cap of the Eg Air Force)

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