Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZW/YR-2 (a) Hbr zār ‘presser, écraser’, nHbr məzōrā ‘pressoir’, māzōr ‘pansement’, TargAram zār ‘retenir’, zəyārā ‘pressoir’, Syr zār, zəwar ‘prendre, tenir; frapper du poing’, zəwārā ‘poing, poignée; main, pouvoir; massue’; Ar zayyara ‘serrer, presser, serrer les lèvres à un cheval avec des tenailles; attacher’, tazayyara ‘être mis à l’étroit, être embarrassé’, ziyār ‘tenailles, étau’, EgAr zayyar ‘attacher’, MġrAr ‘serrer, comprimer’, HispAr ziyār ‘bâillon’, EAr zawr ‘jointée, poignée’; IrqAr zōr ‘sous-bois, buisson dans un lieu marécageux’, Gz zawwara ‘garder, cacher’. – (b)? Hbr zēr ‘bordure’, JP zīrā ‘couronne, guirlande’.
▪ BadawiHinds1986: EgAr zayyar ‘to fasten, attach’, zayyār ‘rope attaching the rear end of the tiller to the rudder (naut.)’.

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▪ The MorAr vb. II zayyar ‘to close (a button)’ belongs to a larger semantic complex that has its origin in a WSem root with the basic meaning *‘to join, press together’, cf. ClassAr ^†zayyara ‘to twist the lips (of a horse, of an animal) with a ziyār ’, ^†ziyār ‘horse-twitchers’ barnacles, instrument with which a farrier twists the lip of a beast’, ^†ziwār ‘rope binding the fore to the hind-girth’, and the obsol. vb. I, ^†zāra (ū, zawār) ‘to bind the fore to the hind-girth of a camel, (Lane:) to bind upon it the rope called ziwār ’.
▪ DRS does not think that the complex ‘to compress’ is etymologically related to ↗zūr_2 ‘force’, which is treated as a specifically IrqAr (and Ṭur nSyr) phenomenon and believed to be (via Tu zor ?) from mPers zūr, zōr ‘strength, power, etc.’.
▪ There seems to be frequent overlapping with √ZR: (ZRR), cf. ↗zarra ‘to button up’ (ClassAr: ‘to draw forcibly together, button, button up’), ↗zirr ‘button’.
▪ From its morphology, EgAr ^†tazyīraẗ, pl. -āt, tazāyīr, n.f., a ‘black robe formerly worn by middle-class women’ (BadawiHinds1986), looks as if it belongs to zayyar as a vn. II. But semantics are not clear. Is this black robe called tazyīraẗ because it is buttoned up? Cf. however also EgAr mizayyaraẗ, n.prop., ‘evil spirit believed to appear in the form of a woman clad in white garb’ (BadawiHinds1986): so called after the ^†tazyīraẗ, or is there any connection to the ↗zār ritual?

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▪ ^†ziyār ‘instrument with which a farrier twists the lip of a beast’ is the etymon of Span acial ‘id’ -- JC Rolland (personal communication, 28Mar2016).

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