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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔamīr أَمير , pl. ʔumarāʔᵘ
meta
ID … • Sw – • BP 589 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔMR
gram
n.
engl
1 commander; 2a prince, emir; 2b title of princes of a ruling house; 3 tribal chief – WehrCowan1976.
conc
▪ quasi-PP, lit. *‘endowed with power, authority’, from ʔimraẗ or ¹ʔamr in the sense of ‘power, authority’, from ↗ʔamara ‘to order, command, bid, instruct, commission, charge, entrust’. – In ClassAr, the term is also attested in the meaning ‘person with whom one consults, one of whom one begs counsel, or advice, in a case of fear’ etc.; cf., e.g., the expr. huwa ʔamīrī ‘he is the person with whom I consult’. This usage suggests a derivation from ²matter, case, issue, etc. rather than from ‘power, authority’. – Barth1894 who assumed *‘to be high’ to be the basic meaning of the Sem √ʔMR would interpret ʔamīr as *‘high-ranking, person of high standing’. If this etymology should be true, ʔamīr would belong together with other ʔMR items expressing ‘highness, altitude’ and, hence, *‘visibility’, such as ↗ʔamāraẗ ‘sign, token, mark’ and perh. †tāmūr(aẗ) ‘(little) tower’.
▪ »Although in early Islam this […] title used to denote the head of the Muslim community [ʔamīr al-muʔminīn], it was downgraded over the ages, and during Ayyūbid and Mamlūk times was given to military officers, including low-ranking ones. Under the Ottomans, the term resumed its initial importance and [the corresponding nisba adj., ↗ʔamīrī, Tu ʔemīrī, short mīrī] was singled out to designate assets that belong of right to the highest Muslim authority, the Sultan« – A. Cohen, »Mīrī«, in EI².
▪ …
hist
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▪ See also above, section CONC.
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cogn
▪ Depending on which of the etymologies mentioned above, section CONC, is correct, cognates will be those listed s.v. ↗ʔamara ‘to order, command, etc.’, or ²ʔamr ‘matter, case, issue, etc., or ↗ʔamāraẗ ‘sign, token, mark’.
▪ ↗….
▪ …
disc
▪ See above, section CONC.
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west
▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl emir; admiral, from Ar ʔamīr ‘commander, prince’, and ʔamīr al-... ‘commander of the ...’ (as in ʔamīr al-baḥr ‘commander of the sea’), from ↗ʔamara ‘to command, order’.
deriv
► ʔamīr ʔalāy, n., commander of a regiment (formerly, Eg.; approx.: colonel; as a naval rank, approx.: captain)
► ʔamīr al-ʔumarāʔ, n., approx.: major general (Tun.)
► ʔamīr al-biḥār, n., (Eg. 1939) approx.: admiral
► kabīr ʔumarāʔ al-biḥār, n., (Eg. 1939) approx.: fleet admiral
► ʔamīr al-baḥr, n., admiral (when referring to a non‑Arab officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 approx.: vice‑admiral)
► ʔamīr al-biḥār al-ʔaʕẓam, n., fleet admiral (when referring to a non‑Arab officer of this rank)
► ʔamīr al-liwāʔ, n., (Ir., since 1933) brigadier
► ʔamīr liwāʔ al-ʕassaẗ, n., commandant of the Bey’s palace guard (formerly, Tun.)
► ʔamīr al-muʔminīn, n., Commander of the Faithful, Caliph.

► ʔamara, ʔamura, u (ʔimāraẗ), vb. I, to become an emir: prob. denom. from ʔamīr.
► ʔammara, vb. II, to invest with authority, make an emir (s.o., ʕalà over): D-stem, denom. from ʔamīr.
► taʔammara, vb. V, 1 to come to power; 2a to set o.s. up as lord and master; 2b to behave like an emir; 2c to assume an imperious attitude; 2d to be imperious, domineering: Dt-stem, intr., from ¹ʔamr in the sense of ‘power, authority’.

► BP#810ʔimāraẗ, n.f., 1 position or rank of an emir; 2 princely bearing or manners; 3 principality, emirate; 4 authority, power: vn. I of ʔamura, from ʔamīr, from ¹ʔamr in the sense of ‘power, authority’ | ʔimāraẗ al-baḥr, n.f., office or jurisdiction of an admiral, admiralty; ʔimārāt sāḥil ʕUmān, n.pl.f., Trucial Oman.
► ʔamīraẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., princess: f. of ʔamīr.
► ʔamīrī (and mīrī), adj., government(al), state‑owned, state, public: nisba formation from ʔamīr in the sense of *‘holder of power, authority’. | ʔarḍ ʔamīrī, n., government land (Syr.); al-maṭbaʕaẗ al-ʔamīriyyaẗ, n.f., government press.
► taʔammur, n., 1a imperiousness, domineeringness; 1b imperious deportment, overbearing manners: vn. V.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ʔamara, ↗ʔamr, ↗ʔimmar, ↗ʔamāraẗ, ↗(ʔa)mīrī, ↗taʔmūr, ↗muʔāmaraẗ, ↗ĭstiʔmāraẗ, ↗muʔtamar, as well as, for the whole picture, ↗√ʔMR.
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