Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ The notion of [v1a] ‘defectiveness, faultiness, deficiency, imperfection’ seems to be a generalisation from an underlying basic ‘one-eyedness’ (↗ʔaʕwarᵘ), from protWSem *ʕwr ‘to be blind’ (Kogan2015 77 #8) (but see also below, section DISC).
▪ In [v1b], the ‘defectiveness, imperfection’ of [v1a] is interpreted as ‘weakness, weak spot’, and in [v2] this ‘weak spot’ is specified as the ‘genitals’, a ‘pudendum’.
▪ In the latter [v2], the meaning comes close to that of ↗ʕār (↗ʕYR) ‘shame, disgrace, dishonor, ignominy’, but the corresponding D-stems still make clear the distinct origins: while ↗²ʕawwara means ‘to damage, mar, spoil’ (caus.), ↗ʕayyara is ‘to reproach, rebuke, insult, revile’ (appell., *‘to call disgraceful, accuse of shamelessness’).
▪ With this in mind, EgAr ↗ʕīraẗ ‘false, artificial (teeth, hair)’ is prob. better grouped together with ʕawraẗ, i.e., under √ʕWR *‘defectiveness’, than with ↗ʕār under ↗√ʕYR *‘shame, disgrace, etc.’. But it may also be from *‘borrowing’, see ↗ʔaʕāra.
▪ Both √ʕWR *‘defectiveness’ and √ʕYR *‘shame, disgrace, etc.’ are in semantic vicinity of ↗√ʕRY ‘nakedness, bareness, nudity’.
▪ The Gt-stem ↗¹ĭʕtawara ‘to befall, affect, come over s.o. alternately, successively’ seems to be the result of a fusion/combination of *‘alternation, taking turns’ (↗¹taʕāwara) and *‘damage’. Conspicuous overlapping also with ↗ʕarā, ĭʕtarà ‘to befall, grip, seize, strike, afflict’, ↗√ʕRW.

hist

▪ …

cogn

▪ Borg2021 #476: Saf ʕwr ‘to obliterate’, Ar ʕāra ‘to damage, destroy’, ʕawwara ‘to mar, spoil’, PalAr IrqAr OmanAr ‘to hurt, injure; bruise’, DamAr EgAr ‘to damage, mutilate’. – Prob. based on *‘half-eyedness’ (< Sem *‘blindness’), see ↗ʔaʕwarᵘ. – Outside Sem, Borg2021 compares Eg (Pyr) ʕwꜢ ‘to go bad, rot, become sour’ (cf. also ḥwꜢ.w ‘to rot; to putrefy; to be foul, offensive’).
▪ Partly overlapping with ↗ʕYR and ↗ʕRY.

disc

▪ ClassAr ^†ʕāra ‘to mar off; to injure s.th.; to spoil (a well)’ (Hava1899) as well as the D-stem ʕawwara, often meaning ‘to mutilate’ (see section COGN), could be an indication of a dependence of *‘one-eyedness, blindness’ on a more general verbal root also in Sem. However, given the wide distribution of *‘blindness’ in Sem, as opposed to the singular evidence of the general *‘to damage, mutilate, destroy’ in Ar, it seems safer to assume a development *‘blindness > damage, defectiveness’ than a reverse evolution.
▪ ...

west

▪ For Tu avarya, Ge Havarie as well as Engl average, Tu averaj, see root entry ↗ʕWR.
▪ ...

deriv

►ʕawwara, vb. II, 1 ↗ʔaʕwarᵘ; 2 to damage, mar, spoil; – 3 ↗ʕYR: D-stem, caus.
►? taʕāwara, vb. VI, 1 ↗s.v.; 2 to seize, grip, befall, overcome (alternately, successively) (s.o., s.th.): tL-stem, regular alteration; for semantics, see above, section CONC.
►? ĭʕtawara, vb. VIII, 1 to befall, affect (alternately, successively) (s.o.), come (alternately, successively) (‑h over s.o.); 2 ↗²ĭʕtawara; 3 ↗³ĭʕtawara: Gt-stem, self-refl.; for semantics, see above, section CONC.
►ʕawār, ʕiwār, n., fault, blemish, defect, flaw, imperfection
►EgAr ʕīraẗ, n.f., false, artificial (teeth, hair): from *ʕiwraẗ ?; for semantics, see above, section CONC.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ʔaʕwarᵘ, EgAr ↗ʕīraẗ, ↗²ʕawwara, ↗¹ĭʕtawara, ↗²ĭʕtawara, ↗³ĭʕtawara, and ↗ʕuwwār, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ʕWR (with overlappings also from ↗ʕYR, ↗ʕRW and ↗ʕRY)

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