Bibliotheca Polyglotta

to perceive with the eyes, see, view, eye, regard (‑h, ʔilà s.o., s.th.), look, gaze, glance at, watch, observe, notice, pay attention to; to expect (‑h s.th.); to envisage, consider, contemplate, purpose (‑h, ʔilà s.o., s.th.); to have in mind, have in view (ʔilà s.th.), put one’s mind, direct one’s attention (ʔilà to s.th.); to take up, try, hear (fī a case; court), look into a case (fī), examine (‑h, fī a case); to judge, rule, decide (bayna between two litigant parties); to take care (li‑ of s.o.), help (li‑ s.o.), stand by s.o. (li‑), look after s.o. (li‑) – WehrCowan1976.

conc

▪ Huehnergard2011: from protSem *√NṮR ‘to see, watch, observe, guard’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#506: from protSem *n˅ṯ̣ar‑ ‘to guard, look’ (perh. < *n˅‑ ṯ̣ar‑, prefix *n˅‑), from hypothetical AfrAs *č̣ar‑ ‘to look, see’.

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hist

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cogn

▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘to watch, guard’) Akk nṣr (u), Hbr nṣr a (o), Syr nṭr a (u/a), Gz nṣr a (e) ‘to watch’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#506: Akk naṣāru, Ug nġr, Phoen nṣr, Hbr nṣr, Syr nṭr, SAr nṭr ‘to guard’, Gz nṣr, Ar nẓr ‘to look’. – Outside Sem: Berb ẓer, ẓar ‘to see, look’, (WCh) Hs c̣are ‘to guard’.
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disc

▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#506: protSem *n˅ṯ̣ar‑ ‘guard’, ‘look’ (with prefix *n˅‑), protBerb *c̣˅r‑ ‘to see, look’¹ , protWCh *č̣ar‑) ‘to guard’, all from hypothetical AfrAs *č̣ar‑ ‘to look, see’.

1. Cf. also Berb *c̣˅r‑ ‘pupil (of an eye)’, reconstructed from əẓẓəru in 1 Berb lang.

west

▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Nebuchadnezzar, from Hbr nᵊbûkadneʔṣṣar (also nᵊbûkadreʔṣṣar, whence English by-form Nebuchadrezzar), alteration of Akk nabû-kudurrī-uṣur ‘Nabu (a god) protect the borders’ (kudurrī, pl.obl. of kudurru ‘border’); Belshazzar, from Hbr bēlšaṣṣar, from Akk bēl-šar-uṣur ‘Bel (an Akk deity) protect the king’ (bēl ‘lord, Bel’, cf. Ar ↗baʕl, and šar ‘king’); both from Akk uṣur ‘protect!’, imperative sg. of naṣāru ‘to guard, protect’, akin to Ar NẒR, ↗naẓara.
▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl nadir, from Ar ↗naẓīr (as-samt) ‘opposite (of the zenith)’, from naẓīr ‘facing, equal, opposite’, from ↗naẓara, vb. I, ‘to see, watch’.

deriv

►naẓara ʔilayhi šazr^an, to give s.o. a sidelong glance, look askance at s.o.
►naẓara (fī) ’l‑qaḍiyyaẗ, to try a case (jur.)
►naẓara fī ṭalab fulān, to process s.o.’s application, take care of s.o.’s application
►naẓara min furǧaẗ/fūhaẗ al‑miftāḥ, to peep through the keyhole
►unẓur baʕdahū, see below!
►unẓur ẓahrahū, see reverse!, please turn over!

►naẓẓara, vb. II, to make comparisons, draw parallels (bayna between): D‑stem, caus. (< *‘to make x face y’)
►nāẓara, vb. III, to equal (‑h s.o., s.th.), be equal (‑h to s.o., to s.th.); to equalize, put on an equal footing (bi‑ with), equate, liken, compare (bi‑ to); to vie, compete, be in competition (‑h with), rival; to argue, debate, dispute (‑h with s.o.), point out (‑h s.o., bi‑ to s.th.) by way of argument or objection, confront (s.o. bi‑ with); to superintend, supervise (s.th.): L‑stem, associative, from naẓīr.
►ʔanẓara, vb. IV, to grant (‑h s.o.) a delay or respite: *Š‑stem, caus.
►tanaẓẓara, vb. V, to regard, watch or observe attentively (‑h s.o., s.th.), look closely at, scrutinize; to bide one’s time, wait: Dt‑stem
►tanāẓara, vb. VI, to face each other, lie opposite; to be symmetrical (math.); to dispute, argue (with one another); to quarrel (ʕalà about), fight (ʕalà over s.th.); to contend (with each other), contest each other’s right: Lt‑stem, recipr.
►ĭntaẓara, vb. VIII, to wait (‑h for s.o.), expect (‑h s.o., s.th.), await, anticipate; to look closely (‑h at s.o.); to look on expectantly, bide one’s time, wait: Gt‑stem | ĭntaẓara ’l‑šayʔ al‑kabīr min, to expect much of…; ĭntaẓara min warāʔihī kulla ḫayr, expr., to set the greatest expectations in s.th.
►ĭstanẓara, vb. X, to wait, await, expect; to have patience, be patient; to request a delay or respite; to ask (s.o.) to wait, keep (s.o.) waiting: *Št‑stem, desiderative.

► ^BP#261naẓar, pl. ʔanẓār, n., seeing, eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight; outlook, prospect; view; aspect; appearance, evidence; insight, discernment, penetration; perception; contemplation; examination (fī of); inspection, study, perusal; consideration, reflection; philosophical speculation; theory; handling (fī of a matter); trial, hearing (fī of a case, in court); supervision, control, surveillance; competence, jurisdiction; attention, heed, regard, notice, observance, respect, consideration, care | naẓaran ʔilà\li‑, quasi‑prep., in view of, with a view to, in regard to, with respect to, in consideration of, on the basis of, due to, because of, for; bi’l‑naẓar li‑, dto.; bi‑ṣarf\qaṭʕ al‑naẓar ʕan, quasi‑prep., regardless of, irrespective of; taḥt al‑naẓar, adv., under consideration, being studied, being dealt with; dūn naẓar ʔilà, quasi‑prep., irrespective of, regardless of; fī naẓarī, adv., in my eyes, in my opinion; lil‑naẓar fī, quasi‑prep., for the study of, for consideration, for further examination of, for handling…, for action on…; al‑naẓar fī ’l‑ḥayāẗ, n., weltanschauung; ʔiʕādaẗ al‑naẓar, n.f., re‑examination, reconsideration, resumption, retrial, revision; ʔahl al‑naẓar, n., speculative thinkers; theoreticians, theorists; baʕīd\ṭawīl al‑naẓar, adj., farsighted; qiṣar al‑naẓar, n., shortsightedness; qaṣīr al‑naẓar, adj., shortsighted; al‑maḥkamaẗ ḏāt al‑naẓar, n.f., the court of competent jurisdiction; masʔalaẗ fīhā naẓar, n.f., an unsettled, open question, an unsolved problem; man lahū naẓar, n., s.o. noteworthy, a distinguished man; the responsible, or authorized person; ʔaḫaḏa bi’l‑naẓar, vb. I, to catch the eye; ʔadāra naẓarahū fī, vb. IV, to let one’s eyes roam over…; tābiʕ \ rāǧiʕ bi’l‑naẓar li‑, adj., falling to the responsibility of, under the jurisdiction of, subject to the authority of; sāraqa\ĭstaraqa ’l‑naẓar ʔilayh or sāraqahū ’l‑naẓar, expr., to glance furtively at s.o., give s.o. a surreptitious look; fī hāḏā ’l‑ʔamr naẓar, expr., this matter calls for careful study, will have to be considered; qaṭaʕa ’l‑naẓar ʕan, vb. I, to take no account of, disregard s.th.; huwa taḥt naẓar fulān, expr., he is under the protection of so‑and‑so, he is patronized by so‑and‑so
►niẓr, adj., similar, like; equal | ʕadīm al‑niẓr, adj., unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, unique of his (its) kind
►naẓraẗ, pl. naẓarāt, n.f., look, glance; sight, view; viewing, contemplation (ʔilà of s.th.); pl. naẓarāt, (philosophical) reflections
►naẓiraẗ, n.f., delay, postponement, deferment (of an obligation)
►naẓarī, optic(al); visual; theoretic(al); speculative
►naẓariyyaẗ, n.f., theory; theorem; reflection, meditation, contemplation
►naẓīr, pl. nuẓarāʔᵘ, f.pl. naẓāʔirᵘ, adj., similar, like, same, equal, matching, corresponding, comparable; an equivalent; facing, opposite, parallel; (with foll. genit.) in the manner of, in the same manner as, just like, just as; transcript, copy | naẓīrᵃ, prep., as a compensation foe, in consideration of, in return for, in exchange for, for, on, e.g., naẓīrᵃ dafʕ ḫamsīn mallīm^an, on paying 50 millièmes; nuẓarāʔuh, people of his kind, people like him; naẓīr al‑samt or al‑naẓīr, n., nadir (astron.); maqṭūʕ\munqaṭiʕ al‑naẓīr, adj., incomparable; laysa lahū naẓīr, unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, unique of his (its) kind
►naẓīraẗ, n.f., head, foremost rank | fī naẓīraẗ (with foll. genit.) at the head of
►naẓẓār, adj., keen‑eyed; (pl. naẓẓāraẗ) spectator, onlooker
►naẓẓāraẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., field glass, binocular; telescope, spyglass; (pair of) eyeglasses, spectacles (occasionally also pl. naẓẓārāt with sg. meaning: a pair of eyeglasses); (pair of) goggles | naẓẓāraẗ fardiyyaẗ, n.f., eyeglass, monocle; naẓẓāraẗ muʕaẓẓimaẗ, n.f., magnifying glass; naẓẓāraẗ al‑maydān, n.f., field glass
►naẓẓārātī, n., optometrist; optician
►niẓāraẗ, n.f., supervision, control, inspection, management, administration, direction; ministry (now obs.)
►nāẓūr, n., field glass
►manẓar, pl. manāẓirᵘ, n., sight; view, panorama; look(s), appearance, aspect; prospect, outlook, perspective; an object seen or viewed, photographic object; scene (of a play); spectacle; stage setting, set, scenery; place commanding a sweeping view; lookout, watchtower | manẓar ʕāmm, n., general view, panorama, landscape, scenery; manāẓir ḫāriǧiyyaẗ, n.nhum.pl., shots on location (in motion‑picture making); manāẓir ṭabīʕiyyaẗ, n.nhum.pl.,scenic views, scenery, Iandscapes
►manẓarat, pl. manāẓirᵘ, n.f., place commanding a scenic view; view, scenery, landscape, panorama; watchtower, observatory; guestroom, reception room, drawing room, parlor
►minẓar, n., (pair of) eyeglasses, spectacles; telescope, spyglass
►minẓār, pl. manāẓīrᵘ, n., telescope, spyglass; magnifying glass; mirror, speculum, ‑scope (e.g., laryngoscope) | minẓār muʕaẓẓim, n., magnifying glass; raqaba bi‑minẓār ʔaswad, expr., to have a pessimistic outlook, look on the dark side of everything
►munāẓaraẗ, n.f., emulation, rivalry, competition; quarrel, argument, altercation, debate, dispute, discussion, controversy; supervision, control, inspection: vn. III.
►tanāẓur, n., difference of opinion, squabble, wrangle, altercation; symmetry (math.)
►ĭntiẓār, n., waiting, wait; expectation | ʕalà ġayr intiẓār, adv., unexpectedly
►nāẓir, pl. nuẓẓār, n., observer, viewer, spectator, onlooker; overseer, supervisor; inspector; manager, director, superintendent, administrator, principal, chief; (cabinet) minister (now obs.) | nāẓir al‑waqf, n., trustee of a wakf, administrator of a religious endowment
►nāẓiraẗ, administratress, directress, manageress, headmistress, matron
►nāẓir, n., and nāẓiraẗ, n.f., both pl. nawāẓirᵘ, eye; look, glance | bayna nāẓirayh, adv., before his eyes
►manẓūr, adj., seen; visible; foreseen, anticipated, expected; supervised, under supervision, controlled; envied, regarded with the evil eye; under consideration (case), pending (complaint, lawsuit; ʔamāmᵃ in a court) | manẓūr ʔilayh, one under supervision, subordinate, underling, protégé, charge, ward, pupil; ġayr manẓūr, adj., invisible; unforeseen, unexpected; ʔadawāt manẓūraẗ, n.inhum.pl., visual training aids; daʕwà manẓūraẗ, n.f., pending lawsuit; al‑šaḫṣ al‑manẓūr, n., person whose case is under consideration
►munāẓir, adj., similar, like, equal; competitor, rival, adversary, opponent (esp., in a discussion); interlocutor

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