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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔasīr أسير , pl. ʔusarāʔᵘ , ʔasrà , ʔasārà
meta
ID … • Sw – • BP 1292 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔSR
gram
n.
engl
prisoner, captive, prisoner of war – WehrCowan1979.
conc
▪ A pseudo-PP from ʔasara ‘to tie, bind, imprison’, see ↗s.v..
hist
▪ eC7 Q 8:70 qul li-man fī ʔaydī-kum mina ’l-ʔasrà ‘Say unto those captives who are in your hands’
cogn
The word has itself a number of cognates in other Sem languages, e.g. Hbr ʔāsîr, Syr ʔasīrā ‘bondman, prisoner’. – For the wider context cf. ↗ʔasara.
disc
▪ ↗ʔasara.
▪ According to Kogan 2011, »Akk asīru ‘prisoner’, well documented already in oBab, is not to be treated as an internally Akk derivation from esēru ‘to enclose’, but rather as a loanword from an early WSem term continued by Hbr ʔāsīr‑ and Ar ʔasīr.«.
▪ Eg jṯr ‘captive’ is a Sem loan-word – ThesaurusLinguaeAegypticae.
west
▪ Lokotsch1927#118, Turek 2001: Ar ʔasīr gave Tu esir 1 , dial. Tu yesir, whence the word spread into Slav langs, cf. Serb (dial.) jesir, Ukr jasyr ‘captive’, Pol jasyr (C17) ‘(being) captive of the Turks’, Russ (old and dial.) jasyr’, jesyr’ ‘slave’.
1. Kutadgu Bilig, 1069; ʕĀşıḳ Paşa, Ġarīb-nāme, 1330: göŋlümi ve cānumı kıldı esīr ‘took my heart and soul captive’ – NişanyanSözlük 22Apr2015.
deriv
► ĭstaʔsara, vb. X, to surrender, give o.s. up as prisoner: requestative; perhaps denom. from ʔasīr.
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