Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Most references consulted suggest a Pers origin of the word. Cf., however, Steingass1892 (A Comprehensive Persian-English Dict.), where Pers daskaraʰ ‘town; castle on a hill; litter for transporting the sick; name of a town in Persian Irāq’ is marked with a small a preceding the entry, indicating instances »where a word is common in both languages [here: Pers and Ar] without proof positive to which it belongs originally«. The variety of semantic values that are attested for the word in Ar and other languages seems to suggest that, etymologically, we may be dealing not only with one, but with several items that have fallen together.
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hist

▪ First attestations accord. to DHDA: <609 CE ‘plain earth’, <652 CE ‘castle-like building surrounded by houses’, <670 CE ‘tavern, inn’, <698 CE ‘village’, <813 CE ‘garden compound’
▪ Lane ii 1867: ‘building like a qaṣr, surrounded by houses, or chambers, and places of abode for the servants and households, pertaining to kings; building like a qaṣr […] surrounded by houses, or chambers, and in which the vitious, or immoral, assemble; houses of the foreigners in which are wine and instruments of music or the like; Christian’s cloister, cell; town, village; plain, level land’
▪ Hava1899: ‘large village; hermit’s cell; plain; tavern’
▪ Redhouse1890 (for OttTu): deskereʰ ‘1 village; hamlet; town; 2 house of revelry and debauchery; theatre; tavern; 3 Christian monastery or hermitage; 4 villa, country-house’.
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▪ Asbaghi1988: Ar daskaraẗ ‘die Stadt des Khosroi’, from mPers dast-kart < oPers dasta-karta, Talmudic loanword dasqartā¹
▪ Ḍinnāwī2004: دَسْگرة dasgaraẗ ‘large village; munk’s cell, eremitage; plain earth; castle-like building, surrounded by houses inhabited by scoundrels (šuṭṭār); houses of the Persians where there is wine and entertainment’: from Pers daskaraẗ ‘town, village’, or from Syr dasqarto ‘large village, munk’s cell, castle-like building’. Attested already in a verse by al-ʔAḫṭal and in a ḥadīṯ
▪ Rolland2014: ‘localité, village’, du Pers daskara ‘ville, chateau sur une colline’

1. Nyberg, ii, …

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