Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ (Kogan2015, 76-77 #6:) from protWSem *ʕād- ‘(he is) still.’
▪ »The use of ʕād with the meaning ‘still, yet’ is curiously absent from the classical sources and is not recognized by the standard dictionaries of ClassAr (such as Lane 2188-2189). This is in glaring contrast with its broad presence in a variety of modern Ar dialects and in post-classical written sources. Nöldeke’s inability to cope with this contradiction is more than understandable: “So nahe es liegt, dies ʕād einfach mit Hbr ʕôd zu identifizieren, so wäre das doch angesichts der historischen Entwicklung unrichtig” (Nöldeke 1904: 66)« – Kogan2015, 76-77 #6 n217.
▪ Prob., we also have to compare the older use as attested in Hava1899, see below, section HIST.
▪ …

hist

▪ Though semantics remain to be explained, we prob. have to compare ^†ʕādⁱ as given by Hava1899 (cf. ^†ʕWD_5 in root entry ↗√ʕWD): ‘(1) indeclinable particle having the sense of ʔinna, e.g., raqadtu wa-ʕādi ʔabāka sāhir “I slept while thy father remained awake”; (2) interrog. part. in the sense of hal, e.g., ʕādi ʔabūk muqīm “Is thy father abiding?”; (3) negative answer to a question, e.g., ʕādi ḫaraǧa Zayd? ʕādi-h “Has Zeyd gone forth? He has not”’.
▪ …

cogn

▪ Kogan2015, 76-77 #6: Hbr ʕōd, BiblAram ʕōd, Ar ʕād(a), Gz ʕādi, Mhr ʔād, Jib ʕɔd, Soq ʕad.
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disc

▪ Kogan2015, 76-77 #6: »Standard etymological treatments of [Sem] *ʕād ‘(he is) still’ typically present it as having no Akk cognates. It may therefore appear as a likely candidate for a protWSem lexical innovation, ultimately connected with the verbal root *ʕWD ‘to turn’ [↗ʕāda]. It is hard to avoid thinking, however, that the functional equivalent of *ʕād- in Akk, namely adīni ‘until now; not yet’, has something to do with it also in terms of etymology.¹ In a broader perspective, an eventual connection between *ʕād and the protSem preposition *ʕaday ‘until’ is not to be excluded.² «
▪ …

1. »Von Soden explains [Akk] adīni as ‘bis zu uns,’ but this is, of course, merely a guess« – ibid., n220. 2. »The semantic link between ‘still’ and ‘until/as long as’ is evident, cf. Ru Пока я жив! ‘I am still alive!’ vs. Я буду бороться, пока я жив ‘I will fight as long as I am alive.’ One can easily imagine how a sequence like adi balṭat… ‘as long as she is alive ...’ could be transformed into ‘she is still alive.’ There remains, of course, the well-known phonological irregularity (protSem *ʕaday > Akk adi instead of the expected *edi)« – ibid., n221.

west

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deriv

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For other items pertaining to √ʕWD/ʕYD, cf. ↗ʕāda, ↗ʕūd, ↗ʕādaẗ, ↗ʕādī, ↗ʕiyādaẗ, and ↗ʕīd (√ʕYD), as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗√ʕWD and ↗√ʕYD.

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