Bibliotheca Polyglotta

DRS 1 (1994)#ʔRZ–1 Ug ʔarz (Tropper2008: */ʔarzu/), Hbr ʔäräz, EmpAram ʔrz, JP Syr ʔarzā, Mand arza, nAram arra, Ar ʔarz, Soq ʔarz, Gz Te ʔarz ‘cèdre’.

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▪ While Tropper2008, Huehnergard2011, and Kogan2011 only go back to the WSem level (reconstr. WSem *ʔarz‑ ‘cedar, pine’), DRS 1 (1994)#ʔRZ-1 reconstructs Sem *ʔarz‑ ‘cedar’, which, however, is said to be of unknown origin.
▪ According to DRS 1 (1994)#ʔRZ-1, the Ar and EthSem forms are borrowings from NSem.

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▪ Lokotsch1927: Ar ʔarzaẗ ‘cedar, pinus cedrus’ > (+ def.art. al‑) > Span alerce ‘larch’, Sic arzanu ‘fir tree’. The author also thinks there is conspicuous similarity between Ar (al-)ʔarz and Lat larix, laric‑, which gave Ital larice, Portug larico, Ge Lärche ¹ ‘larch’. In contrast, Kluge2002 does not mention a possible relation betw Lat larix, laric‑ and Ar ʔarz but says the word is of unknown origin. EtymOnline says that Engl larch (1540 s) is borrowed from Ge Lärche, via mHGe and oHGe (as in Kluge2002) from Lat larix, laric‑, the latter however not from Ar, but probably a loan-word from an Alpine Gaulish lang, corresponding phonetically to oCelt *darik‑ ‘oak’ (cf. Druid and tree).²
▪ Engl cedar, oEngl ceder, is definitely not from Ar ʔarz. In mEngl, ceder blended with oFr cedre, both from Lat cedrus, from Grk kédros ‘cedar, juniper’, origin uncertain. – EtymOnline.

1. Kluge2002: Ge Lärche, mHGe lerche, larche, oHGe lerihha. 2. Following these lines in EtymOnline we find: Engl druid, 1560s, from Fr druide, from Lat druidae (pl.), from Gaul Druides, from Celt compound *dru-wid‑, probably representing oCelt *derwos ‘true’/pIE *dru‑ ‘tree’ (especially oak; see tree) + *wid‑ ‘to know’. Hence, literally, perhaps, ‘they who know the oak’ (perhaps in allusion to divination from mistletoe). AnglSax, too, used identical words to mean ‘tree’ and ‘truth’ (treow). – Engl tree, oEngl treo, treow ‘tree’ (also ‘timber, wood, beam, log, stake’), from pGerm *treuwaz‑, from pIE *drew-o‑, from *deru‑ ‘oak’ (Skr dru ‘tree, wood’, daru ‘wood, log’; Grk drŷs ‘oak’, drȳmós ‘copse, thicket’, dóry ‘beam, shaft of a spear’, oChSlav drievo, Ru derevo ‘tree, wood’; Alb drusk ‘oak’). This is from pIE *drew-o‑, a suffixed form of the root *deru‑ ‘to be firm, solid, steadfast’ (see true), with specialized sense ‘wood, tree’ and derivatives referring to objects made of wood. – The widespread use of words originally meaning ‘oak’ in the sense ‘tree’ probably reflects the importance of the oak to ancient Indo-Europeans. In oEngl and mEngl also ‘thing made of wood’, especially the cross of the Crucifixion and a gallows (such as Tyburn tree, famous gallows outside London). mEngl also had pl. treen, adj. treen (oEngl treowen ‘of a tree, wooden’).

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