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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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kuraẗ كُرة , pl. -āt, kuràⁿ
meta
ID 754 • Sw – • BP 501 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021, last updated 21Feb2023
√KRW
gram
n.f.
engl
1 globe, sphere; 2 ball – WehrCowan1979
conc
▪ The 2-cons. kuraẗ is usually analyzed as from 3-cons. ↗KRW. But the basic idea of *‘roundness’ is already present in the 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*KR , the “purest” reflexes of which are ↗KRː (KRR) and the reduplicating ↗KRKR.
▪ Within √KRW, the closest relative is the (now obsol.) vb. †karā (u, karw) ‘to round s.th.; to line (a well) with wood’ (↗KRW). However, ‘ball’ can also be analyzed as the result of ‘piling up, heaping up’, as found in †⁴karkara ‘to collect, blow into a ball (wind the clouds); to pile up (s.th.)’ (↗†KRKR_4), a specialised development from ↗²karra ‘to return with the aim of resupplying o.s. with ammunition/troops’. Cf. also EgAr ↗ku(r)rāriyyaẗ ‘spool, bobbin, reel (WehrCowan1976); ball (of string, wool etc.) (BadawiHinds1986)’. – In DRS, other Sem items meaning ‘ball’ etc. do not appear sub √KRW but ↗√KRː (KRR) (cf. below, section COGN).
▪ …
hist
▪ WKAS I 1970: †¹karā, u ‘to play ball’: denom.
▪ …
cogn
▪ DRS #KRW-1-2 [...] . -3 Ar karā ‘jouer à la balle’. -4-5 [...].
▪ DRS #KRR-1 Ar karra ‘revenir sur ses pas, revenir à la charge’, karrara ‘répéter, réitérer’, Tham kr ‘ramener, revenir’, MġrAr karrar ‘répéter une leçon, repasser le Coran dans une recitation ininterrompue’, Sab kr ‘répéter (une action)’1 ; Te kärara ‘rouler (vers le bas)’, Tña kärärä ‘être rond’, Amh kʷärrärä ‘échafauder, mettre l’un sur l’autre’. - Ar kurraẗ, Te korit ‘balle’, Amh kʷärät ‘caillou’.2 -2-13 [...].
▪ DRS #KRKR-1 Ug krkr ‘enrouler, entortiller; faire tournoyer (doigts)’, Hbr *kirkēr ‘aller rapidement, courir, bouger de ci de là, danser’, JudPalAram kirker ‘tourner autour’, Ar karkara ‘tourner (la meule), amasser, entasser (des objets)’, takarkara ‘hésiter’; MġrAr karkar ‘traîner derrière soi’ ; Gz ʔankʷarkʷara ‘rouler, tourner autour’, Tña kärärä, ʔənkʷərkʷər bälä, ʔankʷäraräyä ‘être rond’, Te kärkära ‘rouler’, ʔänkʷärkʷära ‘dégringoler’, Amh tänkʷäräkkʷärä ‘rouler’; kʷäräkkʷärä ‘fouiller avec le doigt dans l’oreille pour en retirer le cérumen’. - ? Te kärkär bela ‘faire du bruit’, Amh täkärakkärä ‘se quereller’. | Outside Sem: (Cush) Sa Bil karkar ‘to be round’ – Leslau EDG III: 349, CDG 292.3 -2-8 [...].
▪ …
1. Not in SabaWeb! 2. La racine est considérée comme commune au Sem et Cush par Leslau qui cite : Sa Bil karkar ‘être rond’, Or kururre ‘balle de bois’, emprunté par le Gur sous la forme kurure. – Voir aussi M. Cohen, Essai, 114. 3. DRS #KRKR-1 : « Gordon UT 423 #1034 rapproche Copt (B) skerker ‘s’enrouler’, (S) skorkr ‘rouler’, considérant ces forms comme des causatifs à préfixe s-, la base étant krkr, ce qui n’est pas l’interprétation habituelle. V. Vycichl, DELC 344. »
disc
▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …
west
▪ If Nourai 247 is right, Pers ǧarreʰ ‘jar’ is reimported from Ar ǧarraẗ, which, the author claims, is from Pers koreʰ ‘sphere, planet, ball’, in its turn allegedly from Ar kuraẗ ‘id.’.
▪ …
deriv
►kuraẗ al-ʔarḍ and kuraẗ ʔarḍiyyaẗ, n.f., terrestrial globe, globe;
►kuraẗ al-ṯalǧ, n.f., snowball;
►kuraẗ al-sallaẗ, n.f., basketball;
►kuraẗ al-ṭāwulaẗ, n.f., table tennis;
►kuraẗ al-qadam, n.f., football, soccer;
►kuraẗ al-kawākib, n.f., celestial sphere;
►kurāt laḥm, nonhum.pl., small meatballs;
►kuraẗ al-māʔ, n.f., water polo;
►kuraẗ al-yad, n.f., (European) handball;
►niṣf al-kuraẗ, n., hemisphere

 ►kurayyaẗ, n.f., 1 globule; 2 pellet: dimin. | al-kurayyāt al-ḥamrāʔ\al-ḥumr, the red corpuscles, erythrocytes
►kurī and BP#4691kurawī, adj., globular, globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-like, spherical: nsb-adj.
►kurawiyyaẗ, n.f., globosity, sphericity, roundness: abstr. formation in ¬-iyyaẗ | kurawiyyaẗ al-ʔarḍ, the sphericity of the earth

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗karawān, ↗karā/à (√KRW/Y), and ↗karawyā (√KRWYā), as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRW. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRKR, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.
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