Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ǦZR_1 ‘to slaughter; to kill, butcher; massacre’ ↗ǧazara
▪ ǦZR_2 ‘to sink, fall, drop, ebb (water)’ ↗ǧazara
▪ ǦZR_3 ‘island; Algeria(n)’ ↗ǧazīraẗ, ǧazara
▪ ǦZR_4 ‘carrot(s)’ ↗ǧazar

conc

▪ The variety of meanings within this root can be reduced to two basic values: [DRS#GZR-1] *‘to cut’ (Huehnergard2011: WSem *√GZR ‘to cut off, destroy’) and [DRS#GZR-2] *‘beet, carrot’. While the latter is probably of Pers origin, the former has developed along the lines ‘*to cut > [ǦZR_1] to slaughter > to butcher; to kill > massacre’ and ‘*to cut > to cut off (land from sea, etc.) > [ǦZR_3] island; [ǦZR_2] to drop, ebb (water)’. ‘Algeria’ is lit. *‘The Isles’.
▪ The complex that has the value *‘to cut’ at its basis seems to be an extension in *‑r of a bi-consonantal nucleus ↗*ǦZ- (also ↗*ǦḎ-, ↗*ǦD-) from which also other roots derive. Cf., in this context, especially the MSA items ↗ǧazza ‘to cut off, clip; to shear, shear off’ (also ↗ǧaḏḏa ‘to cut off, clip’), ↗ǧuzʔ ‘part’, ↗taǧazzaʕa ‘to break apart, break, snap’ (also ↗ǧadaʕa ‘to cut off, amputate’), ↗ǧizlaẗ ‘piece, slice’, ↗ǧazama ‘to off, cut short, clip; to judge, decide’ (also ↗ǧaḏama ‘to cut off, chop off, excise’).

hist

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cogn

DRS 2 (1994)#GZR–1 Hbr gāzar ‘couper en deux; décider’, oAram gzr, EmpAram gzyr, gzr (?) ‘couper; conclure un pacte; ordonner(?)’, JP gᵉzar ‘tailler, couper, trancher, décider’, Mand gzar ‘couper, égorger, décider, condamner; circoncire’, Ar ǧazara ‘égorger, découper une pièce de boucherie’, SAr gzr ‘circoncire’, Soq gtzr ‘être moitié plein’, Gz gazara, Amh gäzzärä ‘circoncire’, Tña Te Amh gəzrät ‘circoncision’. – Syr gᵉzīrtā, Ar ǧazīraẗ, Gz gazirat ‘île’; Ar ǧazar ‘partie de la côté découverte à marée basse’, ǧazara ‘être à sec (marée, etc.)’. – Hbr *gāzar ‘manger (animal)’, Syr gezrā ‘proie’, Mand gizra ‘troupeau’, Ar ǧazar ‘animaux de boucherie’, Ar ǧazzār ‘boucher’, Śḥr eñgezrót ‘animal de boucherie, animal abattu’. –2 Syr gezārā ‘rave’, Mand gizar, Ar ǧazar, ǧizar ‘carotte’. [–3 and –4: not attested in Ar.]

disc

▪ ǦZR_1-3: Huehnergard2011 reconstructs WSem *GZR ‘to cut off, destroy’.
▪ ǦZR_1-3: For the wider context of roots derived from related biconsonantal bases, cf. ↗ǦZ-, ↗ǦḎ-, ↗ǦD-.

▪ ǦZR_4: From Pers gazar ‘carrot(s)’ – DRS, Rolland2014. Cf. however Rolland2015, where the author believes the word to be a re-import, since Pers gazar ‘carrot(s) may be from Ar ↗ǧiḏr ‘root’.

west

▪ (Algeria, Algiers: ↗ǧazara.

deriv

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