Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ǦNḤ_1 ‘side’ ↗ǧinḥ, ‘wing; side, flank’ ↗ǧanāḥ, ‘to incline, tend to, lean toward; to strand (ship)’ ↗ǧanaḥa
▪ ǦNḤ_2 ‘darkness, gloom’ ↗ǧunḥ
▪ ǦNḤ_3 ‘misdemeanor; sin’ ↗ǧunāḥ
▪ ǦNḤ_4 ‘rib; bosom, heart, soul’ ↗ǧāniḥaẗ

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wings of a bird; side; arm, hand; to lean on, tilt, incline, go over, turn away; error, crime, harm’.

conc

▪ [gnrl] : Ultimately, almost all values in √ǦNḤ seem to go back to the same etymon ([v3] may be a borrowing from Pers). Militarev&Kogan2005 (SED I #86) concede that attestation in Sem is very scarce (only Ar and Soq, where it may be an Arabism); nevertheless, they believe that it is reasonable to postulate Sem *ganaḥ- ‘chest with upper arm/wing’, meanly due to extra-Sem (Eg) evidence. (See below, sections COGN and DISC.) If their assumption is valid, the authors may be right in reconstructing AfrAs *g˅n˅ḥ- ‘arm/leg; wing’.
▪ [v1],[v4] : If Militarev&Kogan2005 are right, the original meaning (Sem *‘chest with upper arm/wing’) has been reduced in Ar to either ‘wing’ (ǧinḥ) or ‘rib’ (ǧāniḥaẗ), each producing new derived values, such as ‘side, flank’ (> ǧanaḥa ‘to lean toward, tend to’, denom.) and ‘bosom, heart, soul’ (fig. use).
▪ [v2] : The semantic connection betw. ǧunḥ ‘darkness, gloom’ and the basic notions as found in [v1] and [v4] remains somewhat unclear. Prob., [v2] is derived from one of them. However, one should perh. not exclude fig. use of [v3] either.
▪ [v3] : Following Jeffery1938, ǧunāḥ ‘misdemeanor; sin’ is usually regarded as a borrowing from Pers gonāh. If from Pers, final ḥ instead of h will have arisen due to possible association with √ǦNḤ; after all, the value ‘misdemeanor; sin’ can easily be imagined as fig. use of ǧanaḥa ‘to incline’ > ‘to incline to the wrong side, deviate from the right path’. Cf., however, the fact that DRS classifies the item neither as a borrowing nor as belonging to ‘wing’ etc., but as forming a distinct group together with some Syr and EthSem items.
▪ [v4] : While the meaning ‘rib’ is a reduction of the original *‘chest with upper arm/wing’, the spiritual meaning ‘bosom, heart, soul’ is clearly fig. use of the latter.
▪ …

hist

cogn

▪ [gnrl] : DRS 3 (1993) #GNḤ-1 JudPalAram gannaḥ ‘couper’. -2 [with Engl accord. to Leslau2006 (CDG)] Akk ganāḫu ‘to have a fit of coughing’, postBiblHbr gānaḥ ‘to groan, moan’, Syr gᵊnaḥ ‘s’étonner, admirer’, gūnḥā ‘stupeur, crainte, calamité’, Ar ǧunāḥ ‘méfait, faute’; reproche | reproach, remonstrance’, Gz ganḥa ‘être orgueilleux et violent | to behave impetuously, arrogantly, get angry, speak vehemently, reprimand’, gənāḥ ‘orgueil, violence | vehemence, haughtiness, rebuke, reprimand, scolding’, Te gänḥä ‘voir, observer; négliger’, gənḥät ‘regard, observation’, perh. Te təganḥa ‘to show o.s. > be proud > behave impetously’, Tña gänḥe ‘faire des reproches, améliorer | to get angry, make reproaches’. -3 Ar ǧanāḥ ‘aile, bord, côté’, ǧinḥ ‘bord, côté’, ǧunḥ ‘crépuscule’, ǧanaḥa ‘(se) pencher, s’incliner, décliner’, Jib génaḥ ‘aile’, Mhr agonəḥ ‘voler’, Soq ganḥ ‘côté’.
▪ [v1],[v4] : MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #86: Ar ǧanāḥ, ǧāniḥaẗ, Soq ganḥ. | Outside Sem: Eg ḏnḥ (Pyr) ‘wing’, (18th Dyn) ‘leg or part of it’. Also related may be certain terms meaning ‘hand/arm’, ‘foot/leg’ and ‘wing’ in those Cush, Omot and Chad languages which do not differenciate between AfrAs *-ḥ and *-ʕ and are usually united under AfrAs *ga/in(a)ʕ- ‘hand’; the last may be eventually related to the present entry as a variant root.
▪ ...

disc

▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #86: Reconstruction of Sem etymon is questionable. Anatomic terms valid for comparison are scarcely attested only in Ar and Soq where it can be an Ar loan. Cf. Mhr agōnəḥ ‘to fly’, likely related; Jib gɛ́naḥ ‘wing’ is an Arabism, according to Johnstone. The protSem reconstruction is, however, supported by the existence of an AfrAs (Eg) parallel.
▪ ...

west

deriv

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