Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḤǦR_1 ʻto deny access, detain, hinder, forbid, interdict; to place under guardianship’ ↗ḥaǧara; ʻroom, cell, compartment’ ↗ḥuǧraẗ; ʻeye socket’ ↗maḥǧir
▪ ḤǦR_2 ʻlap’ ↗ ¹ḥiǧr
▪ ḤǦR_3 ʻmare’ ↗ ²ḥiǧr
▪ ḤǦR_4 ʻstone’ ↗ḥaǧar

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘stone, to stone; to solidify; enclosure, room; to confine; to deny access, to limit, to declare legally incompetent, to freeze; cunning person, brains, discerning faculty’

conc

▪ [v1] : Widely attested in Sem; from protSem *ḤǦR ʻto surround, gird, enclose, hence also: to hinder, bar’. – Ar ḥuǧraẗ ʻroom, cell, compartment’ is *ʻenclosure’. Likewise, maḥǧir ʻeye socket’ describes he cavity in the skull which encloses the eyeball. – Cf. also the values of the (now obsol.) vb. II, ^†ḥaǧǧara, ʻêtre entouré du halo (se dit de la lune)’ and ʻavoir l’œil entouré d’une cautérisation’ (BK1860).
▪ [v2] : ʻlap’ is another kind of *ʻenclosure’ and therefore belongs to [v1].
▪ [v3] : Accord. to some Ar lexicographers, ²ḥiǧr is a ʻmare kept for breeding, as though her womb were forbidden to all but generous horses’ (Lane ii: 517). If this interpretation is correct, the word belongs to [v1] and the complex of *ʻto enclose’, hence also ʻto hinder, bar, separate’.
▪ [v4] : For Ar ḥaǧar ʻstone’, Kogan2015: 43 (fn.109) states that »no clear cognates have been discovered so far« in Sem. At the same time, the author asks: »Shall we tentatively surmise a derivation from ḥǧr ‘to prevent, hinder, restrain’, with the semantic development ʻobstacle, border’ > ʻstone’?« If this is a correct etymology, also ḥaǧar ʻstone’ would be dependent on [v1].
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hist

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cogn

▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘?’) Akk egēru ‘to twist, be(come) twisted, perverse, cross, confuse’, Hbr ḥgr a (o) ‘to gird’, Syr ḥgr a (u) ‘to hinder’, Gz (ḥagl ‘ankle, chain’).
▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤGR-1 Akk egeru ‘tordre, être ou devenir tordu, pervers; croiser sur, envelopper, entortiller; empêcher, barrer la route’, Ug ḥgr, Hbr *ḥāgar ‘ceindre’, oAram (Warka) ḫa-gi-ir-ta-ʔ ‘boiteuse’, Nab ḥgr ‘enceinte’, JP ḥagirā, ChrPal ḥgr, mḥgr, JP ḥᵃgar ‘ceindre, sangler’, Mnd *hngr ‘réprimer, retenir’, Syr ḥᵊgar ‘retenir, empêcher, rendre boiteux, boiter’, ḥəgīrā ‘boiteux’; Ar ḥaǧara ‘empêcher d’approcher, interdire’, ḥaǧǧara ‘être entouré d’un halo (lune), faire un enclos’, ḥāǧir ‘mur, haie, digue’, ḥuǧraẗ ‘enclos, chambre’, YemAr maḥǧar: terrain enclos cultivé, cour intérieure’; ḥaǧr, ḥiǧr ‘protection, tutelle, giron; bas-ventre, basque d’un vêtement’, Sab ḥgr ‘réserver (à un usage)’, mḥgr, mḥgrt ‘terre réservée (à un usage)’, Qat ḥgr ‘ordonner, commander’, Mhr ḥəgūr, Ḥrs ḥəgōr, Jib ḥɔ́gɔ́r, Soq ḥə́gɔr ‘surveiller, protéger, être bienveillant’, Ḥrs ḥəgōr, Jib ḥɔ́gɔ́r ‘attendre’, Soq hə́ghər ‘gardien’. – Jib ḥágɛ́r (f.) ‘réunion publique’, Mhr həgrēt, Jib ḥágrɛ́t ‘groupe d’hommes assis en cercle’. Śḥr ḥagerít ‘entourage’, ? Soq ḥižáreh ‘animaux domestiques’; – ? Mhr məḥgēr ‘fossette jugulaire’. – Amh ʔaggärä ‘interdire, arrêter’, ? Gz ḥagarit ‘indigène’. – ? 2 Ar ḥaǧar, SAr ḥgr ‘pierre’, ? Gz ḥagʷər, ḥəgʷər, ḥəgur dans zabiba ḥəgur ‘pépins de raisin’. -3 ḥəgur ‘clarifié (beurre)’. -4 Tña ḥagärä ‘s’inquiéter, abandonner un projet par crainte de fâcheux résultats’.
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disc

▪ The tentative derivation, suggested by Kogan2015, of [v4] ḥaǧar ʻstone’ from √ḤǦR ‘to prevent, hinder, restrain’, does not seem impossible, but is also not really convincing. A semantic development in the opposite direction, i.e. *ʻstone > obstacle, border > to prevent, hinder, restrain’ would look more plausible. For the time being, however, inner-Sem evidence does not allow such a reconstruction – if it reflected historical truth, Ar would be the only Sem lang to have preserved the primary meaning. The latter, however, is rather unlikely, not only because of the absence of the meaning ʻstone’ in other Sem langs, but also in light of the fact that protSem had another word for ʻstone’ which is widely attested in many langs – but completely lost is Ar! (For further details, see ↗ḥaǧar).
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west

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deriv

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