Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ^†ḤZN_3 ʻcharge of a household, family’: ^†ḥuzānaẗ
▪ ^†ḤZN_4 ʻ(a certain right Arabs enjoyed over foreigners in whose territory they arrived)’: ḥuzānaẗ

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘rocks, boulders, rocky hard-going terrain; to cause hardship, to distress; to afflict; to become sad, to grieve, sadness; responsibility’

conc

▪ [v1]–^†[v3] : Any relation between these values? Some ClassAr lexicographers explain [v1] ḥuzn ‘sadness’ as *‘roughness in the spirit, occasioned by grief’ (Lane ii 1865) – as if [v2] ‘roughness’ was the basic value… In a similar way, some relate ^†[v3] ʻcharge of a household, family’ to [v1], explaining it as ʻa man’s family or household for whose case he suffers grief and anxiety’.
▪ ^†[v4] : For the same ^†ḥuzānaẗ that can mean [v3] ʻcharge of a household, family’, Lane also reports the value ʻa prior right which the Arabs enjoy over the foreigners, on their first arrival [in the territory of the latter], with respect to the houses and lands; or a condition which the Arabs used to impose upon the foreigners in Khurāsān, when they took a town, or district, pacifically, that when the soldiery [of the former] passed by them, singly or in companies, they should lodge them, and entertain them, and supply them with provisions for their march to another district’. The value seems to be basically identical with [v3], as it means a kind of caring for people living under one’s roof, be they family [v3] or invaders/conquerors [v4].
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hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤZN-1 Ar ḥazina, Mhr ḥzūn, Jib aḥzín, Ḥrs ḥayzen, ḥezōn, Soq ḥázon, Gz ḥazana, ḥazna, ḫazana ‘être triste, être en deuil’, Te ḥazna, Tña ḥazänä, ḫazänä, Arg hazzänä, Amh azzänä, Gur azänä ‘être triste’, Har ḥuzni ‘tristesse’, ? Sab hḥzn ‘abîmer, endommager’. -2 Ar ḥazn ‘terrain dur, raboteux’, ḥuznaẗ ‘montagne escarpée’.
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disc

▪ The root is prob. too sparsely attested as to allow for reconstructions of hypothetical predecessors or speculations about a primary value. Both ʻsadness, grief’ and ʻrough, difficult ground’ could be plausible. The more “natural” development would seem to be one of metaphoral extension, from the physical hardship of a ʻrough, difficult ground’ to the mental\psychological hardship of ʻsadness, grief’. But the latter is much more widespread and found in modSAr as well as EthSem, while ʻrough, difficult ground’ is not attested anywhere else but in Ar.
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west

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deriv

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