Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḤSB_1 ‘to compute, reckon, calculate, count; to charge, credit’ ↗ḥasaba; ʻto think, believe, suppose, assume, regard as, consider’ ↗ḥasiba; ʻto be of noble origin, be highborn’ ↗ḥasuba; ʻsufficiency’ ↗ḥasb; ʻmeasure, extent, degree’ ↗ḥasab; ʻbill, invoice; (bank) account’ ↗ḥisāb; ʻcomputer’ ↗ḥāsūb, ʻaccounting, bookkeeping’ ↗muḥāsabaẗ
▪ ḤSB_2 ʻpet, favorite; obedient, subservient’ ↗maḥsūb

Other values, now obsolete, include

▪ ^†ḤSB_3 ‘small pillow’: ^†ḥusbān(aẗ)
▪ ^†ḤSB_4 ‘burial, to bury’: ^†ḥasb
▪ ^†ḤSB_5 ‘tawny, red-haired’: ^†ʔaḥsabᵘ
▪ ^†ḤSB_6 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘good lineage, great ancestry; honour and glory; sufficiency, to suffice; to submit to; to reckon, to calculate, to take to task; to consider, to assume, to presume; to investigate’

conc

▪ [v1] (= DRS 9/2010 #ḤŠB-1): The basic idea of this main value – for which one may posit a protSem *ḤŠB – is ‘to count’ and ‘to take into account’. From this basic value, many secondary meanings were derived, the most widespread (WSem) prob. being ‘to consider, estimate, reckon with, think, believe’ (Hbr, Aram, Ar, EthSem). Ar itself displays the highest degree of variation within derivation, spanning from ‘charging, debiting, crediting’ and ‘sufficiency, satiety’ (< *‘to content o.s. with, or resign in, what God has decreed to be one’s lot, in this way adding a pious deed to one’s account with God’) over ‘paying respect, holding in high esteem, merits earned by way of a honorable life, nobility’ to modern developments such as ‘book-keeping, accounting’ and ‘computer’. – [v2] ‘pet, favorite’ prob. also belongs here (< *‘held in high esteem’). – The notion of ‘sufficiency’ has itself produced some interesting, religiously connotated aspects, such as in the vb. VIII, ĭḥtasaba which, among other things, can mean ‘to anticipate a reward in the hereafter by resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative’, hence ĭḥtasaba walad^an ‘to give a son, be bereaved of a son’. It seems that also ^†[v4] ‘burial, to bury’, listed as a separate value in DRS (#ḤŠB-3), has to be regarded as a derivative of [v1].
▪ [v2] : ʻpet, favorite’ is prob. orig. *‘held in high esteem’. The meaning ʻobedient, subservient’ is secondary, expressing the perspective of the object that is held in high esteem with regard to the subject who does so.
▪ ^†[v3] (=DRS #ḤŠB-2): etymology obscure.
▪ ^†[v4] (=DRS #ḤŠB-3): ‘burial, to bury’ is prob. a secondary development from [v1], a special meaning that arose on occasions when s.o. had suffered the loss of a dear person and resigned in God’s will, in this way adding a pious deed to one’s account with God’ – see above, sub [v1].
▪ ^†[v5] (=DRS #ḤŠB-4): etymology obscure.
▪ …

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤŠB-1 Akk ḥašābu, ḫašābu ‘compter’, Phoen Pun ḥšb, Hbr ḥāšab ‘compter, tenir compte de, faire attention, penser’, Aram ḥᵃšeb, Nab ḥšb ‘compter, imputer, penser’, Syr ḥᵊšab, Mnd hšb ‘penser’; Ar ḥasaba ‘compter’, ḥasiba ‘estimer, supposer’, ḥasb ‘suffisance’, ḥasab ‘mérite’, ḥisāb ‘compte, calcul’, ḥisbān ‘conjecture’; Sab ḥtšb ‘prendre en compte’, Mhr ḥəsūb, Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b, Soq ḥoseb, ‘compter; compter sur’, Mhr Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b ‘compte’; Gz hasaba ‘estimer, croire’, ḥassaba ‘compter’, Tña hasäbä, Te ḥasba, Har ḥēsäba, Amh assäbä, Gur asäbä ‘penser, réfléchir’. – Ug ḥṯbn [Tropper2008: /ḥi/uṯbānu/], Hbr ḥešbôn, EmpAram Palm hšbn, JP ḥešbānā, Syr Mnd ḥūšbānā, Ar ḥusbān ‘compte’; ḥusbān ‘peine, calamité’, Jib oḥōsub ‘tourmenter; rembarrer en permanence’. -2 Ar ḥusbān ‘coussin’. -3 ḥasb ‘inhumation d’un mort’. -4 ʔaḥsab ‘roux mêlé d’autres couleurs; lépreux’.
▪ …

disc

▪ [v1] (=DRS #ḤŠB-1): See above, section CONC. – In the classical Islamicate world, the institution of ^†ḥisbaẗ and the muḥtasib played an important role in urban life. At the time, the non-Qur’ānic term ḥisbaẗ, which originally means ʻaccount’, hence also ‘reward’, »is used to mean on the one hand the duty of every Muslim to ‘promote good and forbid evil’ and, on the other, the function of the person who is effectively entrusted in a town with the application of this rule in the supervision of moral behaviour and more particularly of the markets; this person entrusted with the ḥisbaẗ was called the muḥtasib [Hava1899: ʻinspector of weigths and measures’]. There seems to exist no text which states explicitly either the reason for the choice of this term or how the meanings mentioned above have arisen from the idea of ‘calculation’ or ‘sufficiency’ which is expressed by the root« – Cl. Cahen, M. Talbi [et al.], art. “Ḥisba”, in EI².
▪ [v2] : See above, section CONC.
▪ ^†[v3] (=DRS #ḤŠB-2): For the ClassAr ^†ḥusbān or ḥusbānaẗ, several values are attested, mainly ‘small pillow’, but also ‘small ant’, ‘small arrow’, ‘thunderbolt’, ‘cloud’, and ‘hailstone’. None of these seem to be related to [v1] or any other of the values represented in √ḤSB. – Verbal derivations are prob. denom. from ‘small pillow’: ^†ḥassaba, vb. II, ‘to place a pillow for s.o.’, ^†taḥassaba, vb. V, ‘to recline upon a pillow’ (Hava1899).
▪ ^†[v4] (=DRS #ḤŠB-3): See above, section CONC. – Cf. also the ClassAr ^†ḥassaba, vb. II, ʻto bury s.o.’, and ^†ĭḥtasaba, vb. VIII, ʻto lose (DO and bi‑ an elder son)’. – For the semantics, note the coincidence of meanings in ClassAr ^†ḥasb (ʻsufficiency’ and ʻburial’) and ^†ḥisbaẗ (ʻaccount; reward’ and ʻburying of the dead’) as well as the term muḥtasab (PP VIII), still in WehrCowan1976 and explained there as ʻs.th. for which one can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., suffering, loss, etc.)’.
▪ ^†[v5] (=DRS #ḤŠB-4): See above, section CONC. – In ClassAr, the adj. ^†ʔaḥsabᵘ is not only registered with the meaning ʻtawny (camel)’, but also ʻred-haired (man)’ and ‘white from disease (skin)’. Attested is also the denom. vb. IV, ^†ʔaḥsaba ʻto be tawny (camel)’.
▪ …

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