Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_1 ʻto put\take\set\lay (down); to lower, reduce’ ↗ḥaṭṭa; ʻstopping place, stop; post, (railroad, broadcasting, radio) station’ ↗maḥaṭṭaẗ; ʻdecline, decay; inferiority’ ↗ĭnḥiṭāṭ
▪ ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_2 ʻforgiveness, repentance’ ↗ḥiṭṭaẗ
▪ ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_3 ʻpapule; pimple, pustule, vesicle’ ↗ḥaṭāṭaẗ

Other values, now obsolete or dialectal only, include (Wahrmund1886, Hava1899, BadawiHinds1986):

▪ ^†ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_4 ʻto polish, figure (leather)’ : ^†ḥaṭṭa, u (ḥaṭṭ)
▪ ^†ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_5 ʻshort; dwarf’ : ^†ḥaṭīṭ, ^†ḥuṭāʔiṭ; cf. also ^†ḥuṭayyiṭaẗ ʻshipworm, teredo navalis’
▪ ^†ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_6 ʻstink’ : ^†ḥuṭāṭ
▪ ^†ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_7 ʻto become exhausted, become weak, collapse’ : EgAr ^†ḥaṭṭ, u (vb. I, intr.)
▪ ^†ḤṬː (ḤṬṬ)_ ʻ…’ : ^†…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to take down, to reduce, alleviation, reduction, relief’. – ḥiṭṭaẗ, classified by philologists under this root, is variously described as being of Hbr, Nabatean, Syr or of unknown origin.

conc

▪ [v1] The basic value ʻto put\set\lay\take down’ and its intr. counterpart, ʻto sink, descend, go down, alight (bird), land (airplane), drop (price)’, seem to be attested only in Ar and modSAr. – In Ar, a caus. meaning ʻto lower, decrease, diminish, reduce’ has developed, whence also the figurative ʻto depreciate’ (cf. ḥiṭṭaẗ ʻdegradation, debasement, disgrace, humiliation’¹ ) and, perhaps, the Qur’ānic [v2] ʻforgiveness, repentance’ (< *ʻunloading, putting off [sins], relief’?); but cf. notes on [v2].
▪ [v2] For some scholars, the value ʻforgiveness, repentance’ of the Qur’ānic (Q 2:58) ḥiṭṭaẗ is a borrowing from Hbr ḥēṭəʔ ʻsin’ or Syr ḥṭītā (see details s.v. ↗ḥiṭṭaẗ); cf. also BabAram ḥiṭʔā ʻsin; offering in reparation for a sin’ (Pennacchio2014). Should such an etymology be correct, the Qur’ānic ḥiṭṭaẗ would be akin to Ar ↗√ḪṬʔ ʻto make a mistake, commit a sin’. However, it is not unconceivable that ʻforgiveness, repentance’ is just a special use of ʻalleviation, relief, mitigation’, a *ʻputting off, unloading [of sins]’. Obviously sharing this latter view, DRS groups ʻexoneration’ together with [v1] (their #ḤṬṬ-1). Note, however, the strange variant of ḥiṭṭaẗ, ^†ḥiṭṭīṭà, given e.g. by Wahrmund1887 and Hava1899 (ʻNachlassung der Sünden, Steuern etc. / unloading, relief’) – almost certainly an Aramaism.
▪ [v3] ʻpapule; pimple, pustule, blister, vesicle, bleb’ does not figure in WehrCowan1979, but is registered in Baalbaki1995 (al-Mawrid). In ClassAr, also ^†ḥaṭāṭ ʻcarbuncled face; hence also: froth of milk’ and the denom. vbs. I and IV, ḥaṭṭa (u, ḥaṭāṭ) and ʔaḥaṭṭa ʻto be pimpled (face)’ are attested. – No obvious relation to [v1] or [v2]. Accordingly, DRS keeps this value (#ḤṬṬ-2) apart from the preceding ones. However, the authors point to a partial overlapping of √ḤṬṬ and √ḤTT (cf., e.g., ʕOmAr ḥiṭṭaẗ ʻpiece, bit’ ≈ EgAr ↗ḥittaẗ ʻid.’) as well as to the similarity in use and meaning between ʕOmAr ḥiṭṭaẗ and Ar ↗ḥabbaẗ ʻgrain; seed; (coffee) bean; pill; berry; pustule, pimple’. DRS includes in #ḤṬṬ-2 also ^†ḥaṭīṭ ʻshort’, to which one may probably add [v5] ^†ḥaṭīṭ ʻdwarf’ and ^†ḥuṭayyiṭaẗ ʻshipworm, teredo navalis’ (Wahrmund1886) as specific interpretations of an underlying *ʻthe small\short, pustule-like one’.
▪ ^†[v4] : The vb. I that in ClassAr signifies ʻto polish, figure (leather)’, ^†ḥaṭṭa (u, ḥaṭṭ), looks conspicuously identical to the ḥaṭṭa of [v1] ʻto put\set down’, but semantics are too different as to assume kinship. In Lane ii (1865), the activity of ^†ḥaṭṭa ʻto polish, figure (leather)’ is explained as to treat leather with a ^†miḥaṭṭ(aẗ), i.e., an ʻinstrument of iron, or of wood, prepared for the polishing\smoothing of skins, to make them soft and beautiful, and for figuring\decorating them’. Perhaps, the ^†miḥaṭṭ(aẗ) was so called because it has to be *ʻput down’ on the leather?
▪ ^†[v5] : As mentioned above, the values ʻshort; dwarf’ (^†ḥaṭīṭ, ^†ḥuṭāʔiṭ) and ʻshipworm’ (^†ḥuṭayyiṭaẗ) may belong to [v3] ʻpimple, pustule, etc.’, as *ʻthe small\short ones’.
▪ ^†[v6] (≙ DRS # ḤṬṬ-5) : No obvious relation between ^†ḥuṭāṭ ʻstink’ and the other values.
▪ ^†[v7] : For no obvious reason, DRS (#ḤṬṬ-3) is eager to keep the value (EgAr) ʻto become exhausted, become weak, collapse’ apart from [v1] (intr.) ʻto go down, descend’. Personally, I would tend to group [v7] with [v1].
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1. Cf. also the EgAr expressions dī ḥiṭṭa f-šarafak ʻthat’s an insult to your honour’, and huwwa ḥiṭṭa f-ʕelt-u ʻhe is a disgrace to his family’ (BadawiHinds1986).

hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤṬṬ-1 Ar ḥaṭṭa ‘poser, déposer, descendre (qc d’un point à un autre plus bas), abaisser, mettre par terre; soulager d’une charge, exonérer’, ḥaṭāṭ ‘dépression, abaissement’, Tham ḥṭ ‘descendre’, Ar maḥaṭṭ ‘endroit où on fait descendre qc, station, relais’; Mhr ḥəṭ ‘déposer’, Ḥrs ḥeṭ ‘tomber’; Jib ḥeṭṭ ‘descendre; décharger’. -2 Ar ḥaṭāṭaẗ ‘petite fille, petit objet, babiole’, ḥaṭīṭ ‘fin, mince, petit’; ḥaṭāṭ: boutons sur la peau. – ʕOmAr ḥiṭṭah, Mhr Ḥrs ḥəṭṭāt, Jib hítéṭ: (petit) morceau, grain, unité d’énumération pour graines, etc. -3 EgAr ḥaṭṭ ‘être à bout, affaibli’. -4 Tña ḥaṭäṭä ‘recueillir, ramasser (de la main ou avec une cuillère)’, ḥaṭaṭ: locution exprimant le grincement de la plume. -5 Ar ḥuṭāṭ ‘odeur fétide’, ḥiṭṭān ‘bouc’.
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disc

▪ See above, section CONC.
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west

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