Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḤLM_1 ‘dream, to dream’ ↗ḥulm
▪ ḤLM_2 ‘to have wet dreams, nightly pollutions’ ↗ĭḥtalama
▪ ḤLM_3 ‘sexual maturity, puberty, to attain puberty’ ↗ḥulum
▪ ḤLM_4 ‘gentleness, clemency, patience’ ↗ḥilm
▪ ḤLM_5 ‘tick; mite; nipple, mammilla’ ↗ḥalam
▪ ḤLM_6 ‘haloomi (a kind of cheese)’ ↗ḥalūm

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘dream, to dream, to have wet dreams, to attain puberty; to gain wisdom, to be patient, clemency; a sensible person; nipple, a young goat’

conc

▪ With the exception of [v6] ‘haloomi cheese’, all other values may be related – though [v5] ‘tick; mite; nipple, mammilla’ remains slightly difficult to connect. For the remaining items, however, one could imagine a development along the line *[v1] ‘dream, to dream’ > [v2] ‘to have wet dreams, nightly pollutions’ > [v3] ‘sexual maturity, puberty, to attain puberty’ > [v4] 4 ‘gentleness, clemency, patience’.
▪ [v1] Kogan2015, 82 #21 reconstructs protWSem *ḥlm ‘to dream’ (SED I #25ᵥ).
▪ [v3] Kogan2015, 190 #25 reconstructs protCSem *ḥlm ‘to be mature, fat, vigorous.’
▪ …

hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 9 (2010)#ḤLM–1 Hbr ḥālam, Aram ḥᵃlam, Syr ḥᵊlmā, Ar ḥalama, Soq ḥlm, Mhr Ḥrs ḥáyləm, Jib ḥélm, Gz Te ḥalma, Tña ḥalama, Amh allämä ‘rêver’; Ug ḥlm, Phn ḥlm, Hbr ḥalōm, oEmpAram ḥlm, JP Syr ḥelmā, Sab ḥlm, Mhr ḥāləm, ḥām, Ḥrs ḥāləm, Jib ḥum ‘rêve’; Gz ḥəlm, Amh ʔəlm ‘songe’; Sab ḥlmt ‘prophétesse, voyante’; Ar ĭḥtalama, Te täḥallämä, Mhr əḥtəlūm, Jib aḥtélím ‘avoir une pollution nocture’, Sab mḥtlm ‘qui a eu une pollution nocture’. –2 Ug ḥlm, Hbr *ḥālam ‘être fort (jeune animal)’, hęḥᵊlīm ‘rendre bien portant’, Syr ḥᵉlīmā ‘sain, en bonne santé’, Ar ĭḥtalama ‘arriver à l’âge de puberté’, ḥalīm ‘gras (animal)’; ? Mhr ḥəlūm ‘enfler (blessure)’; – Ar ḥaluma ‘être doux, indulgent, intelligent’, ḥilm ‘indulgence, tranquillité. –3 Ar ḥalima ‘avoir la peau infestée de parasites’, ḥalamaẗ ‘tique’. –4 Syr ḥᵃlametā, Ar ḥalamaẗ, Soq ḥálmeh ‘bout du sein’. – [5.-7. not relevant for Ar]. –8 Ar ḥālūm : sorte de fromage blanc. –9 Ar ḥullām ‘agneau, chevreau’.
▪ Badawi/AbdelHaleem2008 groups: 1 dream, to dream, to have wet dreams, to attain puberty; 2 to gain wisdom, be patient, clemency; 3 a sensible person; 4 nipple, a young goat.
▪ [v1] Kogan2015: 82 #21: Ug ḥlm, Hbr ḥlm, Syr ḥlam, Ar ḥlm, Sab ḥlm, Gz ḥalama, Mhr ḥáyləm, Jib ḥélm, Soq ḥᵃḷem ‘to dream’.
▪ [v3] Kogan2015, 190 #25: (Ug ḥlm ‘mature animal’¹ ), Hbr ḥlm ‘to be healthy, strong’² , Syr ḥallimā ‘sanus, integer, validus’, Ar ḥlm ‘to become fat’, ḥalīm ‘fat’.
▪ ...

1. Note 543: Doubtfully attested (…). D. Pardee (2000:462‒463) is probably correct to identify the attested forms with hḷm ‘dream’. 2. Note 544: Attested twice in the Biblical corpus: Job 39:4 (yaḥləmū bənēhäm yirbū ba-bbār yāṣəʔū wə-lō(ʔ) šābū lāmō ‘Their kids become mature, growing in the wild, they go away and to not return to them’) and Is 38:16 (wə-tahặ līmēnī wə-haḥăyēnī ‘Restore me to health and make me live’). HALOT 320 (where this meaning is not systematically distinguished from *‘to dream’) adds two attestations from Sir: lʔ hḥlym ʔnšy kzb ‘He gave no strength to liars’ (15:20) and ʔšr hḥlymw ʔt yʕḳb ‘Since they gave strength to Jacob …’ (49:10).

disc

▪ [v1] Kogan2015, 82 #21: There is no trace of *ḥlm ‘to dream’ in Akk, where the nominal concept *‘dream’ is expressed by šuttu, a secondary formation from protSem *šin‑at‑ ‘sleep’. (Conversely, such a usage is totally alien to WSem, where *šin‑at‑ and *wšn are strictly reserved for the concept *‘(to) sleep’.)
▪ [v2]: DRS 9 (2010) regards ḤLM_2 ‘to have wet dreams, nightly pollutions’ (↗ĭḥtalama) as a specialisation of ‘dream, to dream’. So also Badawi/AbdelHaleem2008, who, following Lane and some ClassAr lexicographers, also interprets ‘sexual maturity, puberty’ (ḤLM_3 ↗ḥulum) as the age that starts with having nightly pollutions. Semantically, one could even think of the idea of ‘insight, wisdom’ etc. (↗ḥilm) as being dependent on having reached ‘maturity’. Etymologically, however, this is not necessarily true.
▪ [v3]: ḤLM_3 ‘sexual maturity, puberty’ may be based on ḤLM_2 ‘to have nightly pollutions’ and thus, ultimately, perhaps on ḤLM_1 ‘dream, to dream’. Another etymology connects it to the idea of ‘strength, healthiness’ as attached to the root in Hbr and Aram.
▪ [v4]: ḤLM_4 ‘gentleness, clemency, patience’ is seen by DRS as a function of having reached ‘sexual maturity’ and, thus, akin to the ‘strength, healthiness’ of Hbr and Aram. In contrast, Zammit2002 regards Hbr ḥāmal ‘to spare, have compassion’ as a cognate (Ar showing metathesis). Should this be right, then ḤLM_4 would ultimately be akin to ↗ḥamala ‘to bear’.
▪ [v5]: DRS lists ‘tick, mite’ and ‘nipple, mammilla’ as distinct items but adds that the latter may be derived from the former. Badawi/AbdelHaleem2008 connect also the value ‘young goat’ (obsolete) to ‘nipple’, while DRS makes it an item in its own right.
▪ [v6]: ‘haloomi cheese’ is likely not to be connected to any of the above values. Youssef2003 suggested a Copt < Eg etymology, see s.v.
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