Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḪRṬ_1 ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ ↗¹ḫaraṭa; ‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’ ↗²ḫaraṭa
▪ ḪRṬ_2 ‘to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie’ ↗³ḫaraṭa
▪ ḪRṬ_3 ‘to cut into small pieces, mince, chop, dice (meat, carrots, etc.)’ ↗⁴ḫaraṭa
▪ ḪRṬ_4 ‘to join, enter, affiliate with, penetrate, plunge headlong into, embark rashly upon’ ↗ĭnḫaraṭa
▪ ḪRṬ_5 ‘skirt’ ↗(SyrAr) ḫarrāṭaẗ
▪ ḪRṬ_6 ‘map, chart’ ↗ḫāriṭaẗ
▪ ḪRṬ_7 ‘rhinoceros’ ↗ḫarṭīṭ (arranged s.r. ↗ḪRṬṬ)

Other values, now obsolete, include (Lane ii 1865, Hava1899):

▪ ^†ḪRṬ_8 ‘to have a disease of the udder (sheep)’: ^†ḫariṭa (a, ḫaraṭ) and ^†ʔaḫraṭa (IV); cf. also ^†ḫaraṭ ‘coagulation of the milk in the udder’, ^†muḫriṭ (pl. maḫārīṭᵘ) ‘suffering from ^†ḫaraṭ’
▪ ^†ḪRṬ_9 ‘receptable, pouch, purse (of leather, rag, etc.)’: ^†ḫarīṭaẗ
▪ ^†ḪRṬ_10 ‘to become long (beard); to protract (bi‑ a journey)’ : ^†ĭḫrawwaṭa
▪ ^†ḪRṬ_11 ‘to hurry on’ : ^†ĭḫrawwaṭa
▪ ^†ḪRṬ_12 ‘butterfly brightly coloured’: ^†ḫirṭīṭ (pl. ḫarāṭīṭᵘ) (arranged s.r. ↗ḪRṬṬ)
▪ ^†ḪRṬ_ ‘’

conc

▪ [gnrl] : If DRS is right, the Sem root ḪRṬ displays 4 major values, all of which are represented in Ar (1 only in MġrAr). There is, however, enormous diversity within DRS’s #ḪRṬ-1, which would cover all of values [v1]-[v4], kept distinct here for systematic reasons. If DRS’ juxtaposition is valid, [v2]-[v4] are somehow fig. use of and/or semantic extensions from [v1]. Given (still with DRS) the wide attestation in Sem, one may assume a common origin of [v1]-[v4] and its cognates in Sem *ḪRṬ ‘to pull\scrape off, strip’. – Values [v5] and [v6] are not mentioned in DRS, while [v7] and [v10] are treated under √ḪRṬṬ. ^†[v8] corresponds to DRS #ḪRṬ-4, and ^†[v9] to DRS #ḪRṬ-3.
▪ [v1] : Ar ¹ḫaraṭa ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ may have preserved the Sem etymon *ḪRṬ ‘to pull\scrape off, strip’ rather faithfully. As can be seen from what DRS regards as cognates of the Ar items (see DRS #ḪRṬ-1 in section COGN, below), there is considerable semantic diversity within this group across Sem, so that it is difficult to decide which of the values should be more original than others; but the Ar [v1] is certainly a strong candidate. The value ²‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’ is widespread in Ar as well and seems to have in its turn formed the basis for further semantic developments (see [v2], perh. also [v3], unless directly from [v1]). Despite its obvious old age, however, this development seems to have remained an Ar ideosyncrasy, a special use of the original *‘scraping, stripping’.
▪ [v2] : The value ‘to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie’ (³ḫaraṭa) is prob. the result of fig. use of the secondary aspect of [v1], ‘turning, shaping with a lathe’ (²ḫaraṭa). According to WehrCowan1976, this semantic development is specific to EgAr; in DRS the value is marked as SyrAr EAr.
▪ [v3] : ⁴ḫaraṭa ‘to cut into small pieces, mince, chop, dice (meat, carrots, etc.)’ could be a specialisation based on either ¹ḫaraṭa ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ or ²ḫaraṭa ‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’. However, given the fact that the semantic relation between these and ‘to cut, mince, chop’ is not self-evident, it is perh. safer, for the moment, to keep the value apart.
▪ [v4] : A relation of vb. VII ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to join, enter, affiliate with, penetrate, plunge headlong into, embark rashly upon’ and [v1] ‘to scrape off, strip; to turn, shape with a lathe’ or [v2] ‘to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie’ or also [v3] ‘to cut, mince, chop’ is less than obvious. If [v4] has somehow developed from [v1], the line of derivation may be imagined as *‘to get quickly rid of the bark, etc. (for so to be free to go over to s.th. else and) > plunge into, embark rashly upon’. But this is still rather speculative. DRS does not list this value. Interestingly enough, however, Klein1987 establishes a similarly distinct value for postBiblHbr hiṯḥārēṭ ‘to repent, regret’ (from a homonymous root ²ḤRṬ) and puts Ar ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to do ignorantly’ (sic!) alongside with it.
▪ [v5] : no obvious semantic relation between SyrAr ḫarrāṭaẗ ‘skirt’ and any of the other values; perh. *‘easy to strip off’ (in which case it would be derived from [v1]). The value is not mentioned in DRS. If not from √ḪRṬ, it may be a borrowing (< Akk ?). For more details and discussion, see entry ↗ḫarrāṭaẗ.
▪ [v6] : Prob. via It carta (< Lat c(h)arta) from Grk χártē ‘sheet of paper’, itself perh. a borrowing (with metathesis, from Eg sḫr.t ‘bundle of papyrus rolls, scroll’?). The earlier form, Grk χártēs‘leaf of paper, made from the separated layers of papyrus’ (LidellScott1901), may be the origin of, or have the same etymon as, Ar ↗qirṭās. In MSA, ḫāriṭaẗ has become confused with, and ousted by, ḫarīṭaẗ (in ClassAr meaning ‘leathern container, receptable’, see ^†[v9]; the confusion may have become possible because maps used to be stored in leathern receptables). – For more details, and also a possible etymology of the Grk χártēs, see entry ↗ḫāriṭaẗ.
▪ [v7] : For ḫarṭīṭ ‘rhinoceros’, see s.v. (arranged s.r. ↗ḪRṬṬ).
▪ ^†[v8] : The etymology of ^†ḫaraṭ ‘coagulation of the milk in the udder’ and related items¹ is obscure. DRS lists it as a distinct value (#ḪRṬ-4), but without cognates in other Sem languages.
▪ ^†[v9] : In Hava1899, ^†ḫarīṭaẗ is rendered as ‘leathern bag for silkworms’ eggs’, while Lane ii 1865 has still the more general ‘receptable, pouch, purse (of leather, rag, etc.)’.² The word is a nominalized quasi-PP I describing, originally, *‘scraped off’ leather, hence also bags or other receptables made thereof. – The confusion of the old, genuine ḫarīṭaẗ ‘leathern receptable’ with the younger borrowing ḫāriṭaẗ (prob. from It c(h)arta, see above, [v6]) as ‘map, chart’, was perh. possible because maps used to be kept in leathern containers. According to DHDA, ḫarīṭaẗ is first attested in 681 CE (in the sense of ‘leathern container, receptable’), while ḫāriṭaẗ appeared only much later (not attested in sources of the first three Islamic centuries).
▪ ^†[v10] : Formed on the rare pattern XIII (ĭFʕawwaLa), the vb. ^†ĭḫrawwaṭa comes with a variety of values of which some hardly can be linked to any of the other values represented in the root. One is ‘to become long (beard); to protract (bi‑ a journey)’. Etymology obscure.
▪ ^†[v11] : Another strange value of^†ĭḫrawwaṭa is ‘to hurry on’. Etymology obscure.
▪ ^†[v12] : For ^†ḫirṭīṭ (pl. ḫarāṭīṭᵘ) ‘butterfly brightly coloured’, see s.v. (arranged s.r. ↗ḪRṬṬ).

1. Denom. (?) ^†ḫariṭa (a, ḫaraṭ) and ^†ʔaḫraṭa (IV) ‘to have a disease of the udder (sheep)’, ^†muḫriṭ (pl. maḫārīṭᵘ) ‘suffering from ^†ḫaraṭ’. 2. ‘… which is bound, made fast, or closed by the insertion of its loops one into another; thing likened thereto, made for the letters of the sultan etc. to be sent therein; similar thing (which was formerly, in the time of paganism) put upon the head of the she-camel [that was] confined [to perish] at the tomb of a dead person; pod, oblong capsule, pericarp, of sesamum and the like (used in this sense by writers on botany, and in the spoken language of the present day)’.

hist

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cogn

▪ Klein1987, DelOlmoLete2003, DRS #ḪRṬ-1 Akk ḫarāṭu ‘to eat, devour (leaves, etc.)’,¹ Ug ḫrṭ ‘plumer (?) | to pull out, pull up, pluck’, Hbr ḥᵆrät ‘stylet pour écrire, graver | graving tool, stylus’, modHbr ‘pen, pencil’, postBiblHbr ḥāraṭ ‘to chisel, engrave’, modHbr ‘to etch, turn’, Syr ḥᵃrat ‘entailler, inciser, couper, déchirer | to cut, scratch, tear’, Ar ḫaraṭa ‘enlever l’écorce, effeuiller un arbre; tourner, façonner au tour; atterrer, ruiner, affliger’, SyrAr EAr ḫaraṭ ‘fabriquer des mensonges; trancher, frapper’, ḫaraṭ, ḫawraṭ ‘emporter la terre (eau de ravinement)’, MġrAr ḫarəṭ ‘raviner; bâcler; racler, raboter’, ? ḫarreṭ ‘faire peur, causer de la frayeur’; ttəḫrəṭ ‘se détourner pour dégainer son arme’, Sab ḫrṭ ‘saisir vivement, dégainer’, Soq ḥeroṭ ‘dégainer; cueillir’, Jib ḫaroṭ ‘dépouiller une branche de feuilles et de fruits’. Les verbes SAr et leurs formes dérivées ont aussi des sens figurés : ‘se disputer, injurier, insulter’. – Voir aussi ḪRT. -2 MġrAr ḫraṭ ‘s’habituer à, se familiariser avec; faire montre de trop de familiarité’, cp. KRT. -3 Hbr ḥārîṭ ‘poche, bourse’, Ar ḫarṭaẗ ‘sac, sacoche’. -4 Ar ḫaraṭ ‘maladie des femelles à lait, dont le lait coule en grumeaux’.
▪ Klein1987 : postBiblHbr hiṯḥārēṭ ‘to repent, regret’, Ar ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to do ignorantly’

1. von Soden, AHW: ‘abfressen (wie Heuschrecken)’; item not listed in CAD !

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