Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḪYR_1 ‘to choose, select, prefer; good, better, the best; elite; charitableness’ ↗ḫayr
▪ ḪYR_2 ‘(LevAr) old man, senior’ ↗ĭḫtiyār
▪ ḪYR_3 ‘cucumber’ ↗ḫiyār
▪ ḪYR_4 ‘gillyflower’ ↗ḫīriyy

▪ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): [ḪYR_1] ‘goodness, to be good, be of use; to put ahead, select above others, the select, choice, the best; to have the/an option, preference, seek the best, seek God’s guidance before an action’

conc

▪ ḪYR_1 (Huehnergard2011: protSem *√ḪYR ‘to choose’) belongs perhaps to a group of derivations from / extensions of a bi-consonantal root ↗*ḪR- ‘good’.
▪ Although ḪYR_2 ‘old man, senior’ is a borrowing from Tu, it ultimately belongs together with ḪYR_1 ‘to choose, prefer’ (< Sem *ḪYR).
▪ ḪYR_3 ‘cucumber’ and ḪYR_4 ‘gillyflower’ are both loan words from Pers.

hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 10 (2012): Out of the six values the root *ḪYR can take in Sem, only two are represented in Ar: #ḪYR–1 Akk ḫiāru, ḫāru ‘choisir, élire’, ḫāʔir‑, ḫāwir‑, ḫāmir‑, ḫāyyir‑, ḫābir‑ ‘mari’, ḫāʔirut ‘état conjugal’, Nab ḥyr (adv.) ‘bien’, ḥyry(hm) ‘(leurs) notables’, Ar ḫāra ‘etre favorable à qn, préférer, choisir’, ḫayr ‘bon, meilleur; bien, avoir, bonheur’, ḫīr ‘noblesse, générosité’, MġrAr ḫayr ‘biens, richesse’, ḫīr ‘mieux, meilleur que’, Sab ḫyr ‘noble’, Mhr ḫayr ‘bien, santé, bien-être’, Soq ḥayr ‘meilleur, mieux’, Jib ḫar ‘bien-être, bien’, aḫyer ‘donner un choix’, Gz ḫayara ‘être bien, bon’, Tña ḫeray ‘bon, compatissant’. [–2 …; –3 …; –4 …; –5 …]. –6 Ar ḫiyār ‘concombre’.

disc

▪ ḪYR_1 = DRS #ḪYR-1; ḪYR_3 = DRS #ḪYR-6. – ḪYR_2 and ḪYR_4: not mentioned in DRS.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1934 reconstructs a Sem vb. *ḪYR (*‑ḫīr‑) ‘to prefer, choose; to be(come) good’ and a WSem n. *ḫayar ‘goodness’, both from Nostr *q̣uy˅r˅‑ ‘to love, covet’ (> ‘to prefer’). Sem *ḫ‑ goes back to *q‑, resulting from pAfrAs deglottalization of Nostr *q̣‑.

west

▪ Engl mohair, moire, moiré ↗ḫayr.

deriv

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