Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ RQː (RQQ)_1 ‘to be(come) thin, delicate, fine, tender, soft; to have pity, feel compassion’ ↗raqqa; ‘flat bread; waffles’ ↗ruqāq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_2 ‘turtle’ ↗¹raqq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_3 ‘parchment’ ↗²raqq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_4 ‘Rakkah (city in N Syria)’ ↗al-Raqqaẗ
▪ RQː (RQQ)_5 ‘slavery, bondage’ ↗¹riqq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_6 ‘tambourine’ ↗(EgAr) ²riqq

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ ^†RQː (RQQ)_7 ‘hot (day); desert’: ^†raqāq
▪ ^†RQː (RQQ)_ ‘...’: ^†...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘ownership, slavery; parchment, scroll, written record; thin, to thin out, be sheer, become tattered; to be weak, be tender; to be clear, glimmer’

conc

▪ [gnrl] : With the exception of [v2] ‘turtle’ (and perh. ^†[v7] ‘hot (day); desert’), all other values attached to √RQː (RQQ) seem to go back to the one basic notion of [v1] *‘thinness, softness’. ▪ [v1] : from protSem *RQQ ‘(to be/become) thin, fine, soft, tender’ – Huehnergard2011.
▪ [v2] : MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #190 reconstruct Sem *raḳḳ‑ ‘turtle’
▪ [v3] : According to Jeffery1938 a borrowing from Gz raqq ‘parchment’, thus via Gz ultimately from the same origin as [v1] (parchment seen as the *‘thin material’).
▪ [v4] : The city name al-Raqqaẗ is from †raqqaẗ (pl. riqāq) ‘land regularly flooded by a river’,¹ obviously on account of its marshy surroundings; cf. also †ruqāq ‘shallow water, low sea’. The term is akin to [v1] *‘thinness, softness’ (sc. of the flooded land).
▪ [v5] : Accord. to Ar lexicographers, one of the terms for ‘slaves’, raqīq, is based on riqqaẗ in the (now obsol.) sense of ‘abjectness, meanness, paltriness, contemptibleness’ (Lane iii 1867, quoting from Tāǧ al-ʕArūs), thus based on [v1], with a development *‘thin > weak > mean, contemptible’.
▪ [v6] : In EgAr, the ‘tambourine’ is called ²riqq, obviously due to the instrument’s covering with a thin, parchment-like membrane.
▪ ^†[v7] : prob. akin to [v1], but the exact nature of the relation remains obscure.
▪ …

1. Lane iii 1867: ‘any land by the side of a valley, over which the water spreads in the days of the increase, and into which it then sinks, or disappears, and which therefore produces good herbage’.

hist

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cogn

▪ [v1] BDB1906, Leslau2006 (CDG), Tropper2008: Akk raqāqu ‘to be thin’, Ug rq /raqqu/ ‘thin, fine’ (Tropper), ‘thin cake’ (Leslau), Hbr raq ‘thin’, Syr raqqᵊq (D) ‘to make thin’, Gz raqqa, raqaqa ‘to be subtle, soft, thin, slight’, raqīq ‘soft, subtle, minute, thin, slender, slight, immaterial’, Te räqqa, Tña räqäqä, Amh räqqäqä ‘to be thin, delicate’, Ar raqqa ‘to be thin; (fig.) to be weak, slender, scanty, etc.’, DaṯAr raqraqa ‘to render thin’.
▪ [v2] MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #190: Akk (from oBab onwards) raḳḳu (f.pl. ruḳḳētu), Syr raqqā, Mnd riqa, ‘turtle’, Ar raqq ‘grande tortue; espèce d’amphibie resemblant au crocodile’ (BK1860)
▪ [v3] (inner-Sem borrowing) via Gz akin to ↗[v1].
▪ [v4] : ↗[v1]
▪ [v5] : ↗[v1]
▪ [v6] : ↗[v1]
▪ ^†[v7] : ↗[v1] ?
▪ ...

disc

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ ...

west

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deriv

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