Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ All the three values given by DRS for the root ZMN in Sem are represented in Ar, but only one (DRS #ZMN-1) is represented in MSA (with the two sub-values ZMN_1 and ZMN_2).
▪ ZMN_1: DRS reconstructs Sem *zaman‑ ‘temps déterminé’ as the shared origin of the cognates given under #ZMN-1. At the same time, DRS states that the Ar (as well as the Hbr and EthSem) forms probably are taken from Aram zᵊmān, which in itself goes back either to Akk simanu ‘season, proper time, time’ or oPers ǧamāna ‘time’. – The parallel existence of forms with short a and long ā has still to be explained.
▪ ZMN_2 : probably dependent on (i.e., special use of) ZMN_1.
▪ ZMN_3&4 : Etymology obscure.

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cogn

▪ ZMN_1: DRS 8 (1999)#ZMN-1 Hbr BiblAram zᵊmān, Palm zbn, Nab zmn, zbn, ChrPal zᵊbān, Syr zabnā, Mand zban, Ṭur zabno, nAram (pl.) zibnō, nSyr zōnā, Ar zaman, zamān, Mhr zebōn, Jib ziũn, Soq zem, Gz zaman, Tña Amh zämän, Har zäman, Gur zämän, zämär, zān, Te Tña Amh Arg zäbän, ‘temps, époque, période’, Te təzäbbänä ‘être opportun, coutumier’; Hbr *mᵊzumman ‘déterminé (temps)’, BiblAram *hizdᵊman, hizdammēn ‘convenir de, fixer’, Syr zammen ‘inviter, préparer’, zᵊmīnā ‘invité, convive’, Mand *zamin ‘convoquer’, Ar zamina ‘être atteint d’une maladie chronique’, zamān ‘vicissitudes du temps, destin, malheur’, Jib ezmin ‘être au début de la mousson’. ? -2 Ḥass zmān ‘campement; richesses, équipement, mobilier’. -3 Ar zamana ‘enflammer la colère’

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▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZMN-1 reconstructs Sem *zaman- ‘temps déterminé’, but at the same time says that the Hbr, Ar and EthSem forms seem to be borrowed from Aram. For the latter, two possible origins have been suggested by earlier research: either it is from Akk simān- ‘right moment’ [CAD: simanu (var. simunu, šimanu) ‘season, proper time, time’, from (w)asāmu ‘to be fitting, proper, suitable’, cf. Ar ↗wasīm ] or from oPers ǧamāna, mPers zamān, cf. Sogd zmn. – The forms showing -b- instead of -m- (ZBN) prevail in non-BiblAram; in Mand, zaman is to be found in Ar expressions, but there also exist forms with an Aram structure that are derived from ZMN, like zamanta, zamanuta, etc. ‘convocation, invitation. – In Ar, some semantic derivations are due to the influence of ↗dahr.
▪ Nişanyan_04May2015: Ar/Pers zamān ‘time, age, period’, akin to Akk simānu [sic!] ‘specific day or time, moment’, Hbr/Aram zəmān ‘id.’. mPers zəmānak ‘id.’ is probably a loan from Aram. – Arm žamanak ‘id.’ is from mPers.
▪ Is zaman simply a var. of zamān ? Or is zaman from Akk simanu ‘season, proper time, time’ while zamān is from mPers zamān ‘time’?
▪ ZMN_2-4 : see above, section CONC.

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