Bibliotheca Polyglotta

ClassAr shows many more values (cf. Lane):
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_4 ‘spearhead, iron head, to pierce with a spear’ (sinn, sinān)¹
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_5 ‘ploughshare, iron thing with which the ground is ploughed up’ (sinnaẗ)²
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_6 ‘alike, equal, matching, in age’ (sinn)³
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_7 ‘to tend well, pasture, render fat (camels, cattle); to send to the pasturage, make run quickly’ (sanna, vb. I) ⁴
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_8 ‘to pour (e.g., water on s.o.)’ (sanna, vb. I; ĭstanna, vb. VIII, ‘to pour forth’, e.g., with tears, etc.)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_9 ‘to throw down on the face’ (sanna, vb. I) ⁵
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_10 ‘to form, fashion, shape, make long; to plaster (pottery with clay)’ (sanna, vb. I) ⁶
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_11 ‘to become altered for the worse, or stinking’ (sunna, vb. I, pass.)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_12 ‘nature, natural disposition, temper’ (sunnaẗ)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_13 ‘(handsome long) face’ (sunnaẗ) ⁷
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_14 ‘black line, or streak, on the back of the ass’ (sunnaẗ)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_15 ‘sort of Medinan dates’ (sunnaẗ, sinnaẗ)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_16 ‘(middle part of) way, road’ (sanan)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_17 ‘camels lifting the front legs simultaneously, leaping, springing, or bounding, in their running’ (sanan ; cf. also ĭstanna, vb. VIII, ‘to frisk, be brisk, lively, sprightly, to run (in such a fashion)’⁸
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_18 ‘elevated sands, shaped like a rope’ (sanīnaẗ)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_19 ‘(gentle) wind’ (sanīnaẗ)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_20 ‘wild bull’ (sinn)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_21 ‘she-bear, she-lynx’ (sannaẗ, sinnaẗ)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_22 ‘swallow’ (sunn)
▪ ^†SNː (SNN)_23 ‘flies’ (sinān)

1. Probably from sinn [v1] ‘tooth; sharp,edge; to sharpen’. But cf. Calice1936 #84 who puts Ar sinān ‘spearhead’ together with Eg sn ‘Zweizack’ (two-pronged spear) and Berb asennan ‘thorny’. 2. Probably from sinn [v1] ‘tooth; to sharpen’. But cf. Corriente2008: 86 who mentions the word, for EgAr, in the ʔiḍāfa sinn il-muḥrāt ‘ploughshare’ as a possible borrowing from Copt: »contributed by Behnstedt 1981:91, who considers likely a derivation from Copt sine of the same meaning (Crum 343), in spite of the phonetic likeness to Ar sinn ‘tooth; point’, possibly contributing to maintain the Copt item in use. In their unp[ublished] article, however, Behnstedt & Woidich concede the same likelihood to both possibilities.« 3. From sinn in the sense of [v2] ‘age’? 4. From ^†sinn in the fig. meaning of ‘[portion of] herbage upon which camels pasture’, i.e. which they can “polish, smoothen, make even” with their teeth? 5. from ‘tooth’: cf. ^†sānna ’l-nāqaẗa, vb. III, ‘he (the stallion-camel) bit the she-camel with the fore-part of the mouth’. 6. from [v1] ‘tooth, sharpening, whetting’, cf. ^†sannana, vb. II, ‘to polish, make smooth, make beautiful’. 7. Cf. ^†sannana, vb. II, ‘to polish, make smooth, make beautiful’, from [v1] ‘tooth, sharpening, whetting’. 8. Explained as »from sanna as signifying ‘he poured forth’ water, and as signifying ‘he sharpened’ iron upon a whetstone« in ClassAr dictionaries – Lane.

conc

▪ According to ClassAr dictionaires, all three values that are still to be found in MSA are connected, with [v2] ‘age’ and [v3] ‘to prescribe; old custom, norm; Sunna’ being based on [v1] ‘tooth; to sharpen’ as the primary value (for details, see “Discussion” below).
▪ Within SNː (SNN)_1, we assume (with Huehnergard) the vb. ‘to sharpen’ to be denominative from ‘tooth’, as the main etymon of the semantic field. (BDB1906 thought ‘tooth’ was deverbal, from ‘to whet, sharpen’.)
▪ SNː (SNN)_1 and, if dependent on this, also the other two, go back to Sem *šinn‑ ‘tooth’, ultimately probably from AfrAs *šin‑ ‘tooth’.
▪ Not to be confused with ↗sanaẗ ‘year’ (√SN(W)) or ↗sinaẗ ‘slumber, doze’ (√WSN).

hist

–

cogn

↗sinn, ↗sunnaẗ.

disc

▪ The semantic variety within the “root” in ClassAr is confusing, not the least because there seems to be much overlapping with ↗SNH and ↗SNW (and perhaps also ↗ṮNY ?). Badawi2008, who also mentions this overlapping, reduces the values to »tooth, teething; age, year; blade, sharpening; handsome face; legislating; method of doing things; precedent«. Within this list, ‘blade, sharpening’ belongs to the sub-field of ‘tooth’ (as ‘sharp edge’), ‘age, year’ and ‘handsome face’ each form a sub-field in their own right, while the last three all belong to the idea of ‘(setting, establishing, following) a norm’. Rearranged according to the groups that are still to be found in MSA, as listed in the disambiguation section above, we get: [v1] ‘tooth, teething; blade, sharpening’, [v2] ‘age, year’, [v3] ‘legislating; method of doing things; precedent’, and ^†[v13] ‘handsome face’. The latter is explained as derived from the idea of ‘polish, smoothness, evenness’ by the ClassAr lexicographers and thus made dependent on ‘tooth, sharpening, whetting’.
▪ According to ClassAr lexicographers, [v2] ‘age’ depends on [v1] ‘tooth’ as a metaphor, »for the teeth vary with the length of life« so that they came to mean ‘measure, or extent, of life; age attained’.
▪ Also from the same etymon, according the dictionaries, is the semantic complex ‘to prescribe; old custom, norm; Sunna’ treated under ↗sunnaẗ. Nişanyan (31Mar2013) explains the latter as going back to the pre-Islamic custom, practised by Arab tribes, of whetting/filing young boys’ teeth at a certain age in order to sharpen them. In the same way as this explanation links ‘custom, habit, norm, prescription’ to the ‘teeth’, it also connects ‘teeth’ with ‘age’ and could therefore serve as another hypothesis about the relation between [v2] and [v1].
▪ Since the vocabulary pertains to the whole SNː (SNN) complex will be arranged separately, corresponding to [v1] to [v3], in the more specific entries on ↗sinn and sunnaẗ and in this way items that, ultimately, may belong together will be torn apart, the “DERIVATIVES” section below lists them all as given in WehrCowan1979, in order to make the internal coherence visible once, before going into details in the more specialized entries.

west

▪ Engl shin ↗sinn.
▪ Engl Sunna, Sunni ↗sunnaẗ.

deriv

For grouping according to internal coherence within narrower semantic sub-fields cf. ↗sinn (with sinn_1 ‘tooth’ and sinn_2 ‘age’) and ↗sunnaẗ.

► sanna, u (sann), vb. I, 1 to sharpen, whet, hone, grind; 2 to mold, shape, form; 3 to prescribe, introduce, enact, establish (a law, a custom) | ~ qānūnan, vb., to enact, or pass, a law
► sannana, vb. II, 1 to sharpen, whet, hone, grind; 2 to indent, jag, notch
► ʔasanna, vb. IV, 1 to grow teeth, cut o.’s teeth, teethe; 2 to grow old, to age; to be advanced in years
► ĭstanna, vb. VIII, 1 to clean and polish o.’s teeth with the siwāk; 2 a to take, follow (a course or way); 2 b to prescribe, introduce, enact, establish (a law, a custom) | ~ sunnata Muḥammad, vb., to follow the Sunna of Mohammed

► sann, n., prescription, introduction, enactment, issuance (of laws)
► ^BP#2441sinn, pl. ʔasnān, ʔasinnaẗ, ʔasunn, n.f., 1 tooth (also, e.g., of a comb; of a saw blade); jag; cog, sprocket, prong; tusk (of an elephant, of a boar, etc.); fang (of a snake, etc.); point, tip (of a nail), nib (of a pen) | ~ al-fīl, n., ivory. — 2 ^BP#1083 (pl. ʔasnān) age (of a person) | ~ al-rušd, n., legal age, majority; ~ al-murāhaqaẗ, n., age of puberty; ~ al-ṭufūlaẗ, n., early childhood; ṣaġīr al ~, adj., young; kabīr al ~, adj., old; ṭaʕana fī ’l-~, vb., to be advanced in years, be aged; taqaddamat bihī al ~, vb., to grow older, to age; to be advanced in years. — 3 (eg.) coarse flour, seconds
► ʔasnānī, adj., dental (phon.)
► ^BP#1725C sunnaẗ, pl. sunan, n., habitual practice, customary procedure or action, norm, usage sanctioned by tradition; al-~, or ~ al-nabiyy, n., the Sunna of the Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later established as legally binding precedents (in addition to the Law established by the Koran) | ʔahl al ~, n., the Sunnites, the orthodox Muslims; ~ al-ṭabīʕaẗ, n., law of nature
► ^BP#1811sunnī, adj., Sunnitic; (pl. ‑ūn), n., Sunnite, Sunni
► sanan, n., customary practice, usage, habit, rule
► sinān, pl. ʔasinnaẗ, n., spearhead
► sanūn, n., tooth powder
► sannān, pl. ‑ūn, n., grinder, sharpener (of knives, shears)
► ʔasannᵘ, adj., older, farther advanced in years
► misann, pl. ‑āt, masānnᵘ, n., whetstone, grindstone; razor strop
► tasnīn, n., clothing of teeth (children), teething
► masnūn, adj., 1 prescribed (as Sunna), sanctioned by law and custom; 2 sharpened, whetted, honed; tapered; pointed (e.g., mustache, features); 3 stinking, fetid (mire)
► musannan, adj., 1 toothed, serrated, dentate, denticulate, indented, jagged; 2 pointed, sharp; sharp-featured (countenance); ʕaǧalaẗ ~aẗ, n., cogwheel; ~ al-ʔaṭrāf, adj., deckle-edged (paper)
► musannanaẗ, pl. ‑āt, cogwheel
► musinn, pl. ‑ūn, masānnᵘ, adj., old, aged, advanced in years; dār al-~īn, n.f., home for the aged, old folks home

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