Bibliotheca Polyglotta

ṬBʕ_2 ‘(to be) dirty, rusted’: ^†ṭabiʕa (a, ṭabaʕ); cf. also II ^†ṭabbaʕa ‘to stain, soil’, ^†ṭabaʕ (pl. ʔaṭbāʕ) ‘rust, dirtiness’, ^†ṭabiʕ ‘dirty, rusty; vicious’, ^†ʔaṭbaʕᵘ ‘filthy, greasy’ – Hava1899

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to slap the back of the neck with the whole palm; 2 to impress shapes in the mud, fashion articles out of mud or iron, etc.; 3 to seal’

conc

▪ The primary meaning of the root ṬBʕ in Sem is ‘to sink’ (DRS #ṬBʕ-1), whence the obsol. value ^†ṬBʕ_2 ‘(to be) dirty, rusted’. DRS holds this value apart from #ṬBʕ-2 (≙ ṬBʕ_1) ‘to (leave an) imprint, seal, mould’, although it is not clear why this should not be a development from the former. There are, however, also theories tracing TBʕ_1 back, either directly or indirectly, to Eg ḏbʕ.t ‘signet ring, seal’.
▪ Irrespective of these theories, all MSA values seem to be based exclusively on ṭābaʕ.

hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬBʕ-1 Akk ṭebū, Hbr ṭābaʕ, Aram ṭᵉbaʕ ‘s’enfoncer dans’, MġrAr ṭabbaʕ ‘avancer, pousser, bourrer’, ? Ar ṭabiʕa ‘être sale’, ṭabiʕ ‘crasseux’, MġrAr ṭabʕa ‘boue’. ? Gz Gur ṭäba, ṭäwä ‘boue’, ṭäbañäd, äṭäbiyä, ṭäwamä ‘sale’; ?Har č̣ibā ‘boue’. -2 Syr ṭebaʕ, Ar ṭabaʕa ‘faire une empreinte, imprimer; forger, fabriquer’ Phoen ṭbʕ ‘monnayage’, Hbr ṭabbaʕat, Syr ṭabʕā, Ar ṭabʕ, ṭābaʕ, ṭābiʕ ‘cachet, empreinte; forme, façon, moule’, ṭabbāʕat ‘bague à cachet, anneau’, ṭabʕ ‘naturel, caractère’, ṭabīʕat ‘caractère, habitude, coutume’; Soq ṭabeḥ ‘marque au fer rouge’; Mhr ṭāba, Jib ṭobʕ ‘manières’, Gz ṭabāyəʕ, Te ṭäbiʕat, Har ṭabīʕa, Tña Amh ṭäbay ‘nature, essence’. -3 ṭəbʕot ‘brique’. -4 Mhr ṭawba, Jib ṭēʕ ‘boire à la source, boire trop’. -5 Gz ṭabʕa ‘être prêt, résolu, déterminé, dur’, Te ṭäbʕa ‘être fier’, Gur ṭäwe ‘cruel’. -6?Te ṭəbäʕ ‘multicolore, bigarré’.

disc

▪ ṬBʕ_1: Huehnergard2011 reconstructs Sem ṬBʕ ‘to sink’.
▪ ṬBʕ_2: Pennacchio2014 reports that, according to Fraenkel, Ar ṭābaʕ ‘signet-ring, seal’ is from Syr ṭabʕā. There is also an Akk ṭimbuʔ(t)u ‘signet-ring’, showing -m- before -b-, and the corresponding Hbr ṭabbaʕaṯ has -bb-, which may or may not be from *-mb-. Ellenbogen, however, thinks that both the Akk and Hbr forms are from Eg ḏbʕ(.t) ‘signet ring, seal’¹ (Copt təbbe; cf. also Eg ḏbʕ, Copt tōōbe ‘to seal’), and F. Bron assumes that the Ar word is directly from there. The Eg word itself seems to be taken from Eg ḏbʕ (Copt tēēbe) ‘finger’ (the signet-ring being worn on the finger), which is akin to Ar ↗ʔiṣbaʕ ‘finger’. Therefore, if Ar ṭābaʕ really goes back to Eg ḏbʕ(.t) ‘signet ring, seal’, then it is also related, though indirectly, to ʔiṣbaʕ.

1. ErmanGrapow1921, too, thinks Eg ḏbʕ.t was borrowed into Hbr as ṭabbaʕaṯ.

west

▪ Huehnergard2011: Engl tevet is not from Ar, but from Hbr ṭēbēt, a month name, from Akk tebētu, name of a month corresponding to parts of December and January, perhaps akin to ṭebū ‘to sink’.

deriv

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